Synthesis, Characterization and Physical Properties of Alkalides and Electrides

本研究涉及结晶盐和气相沉积薄膜的合成和表征，这些薄膜含有碱金属阴离子（碱）或捕获电子（电极）和阳离子，由环或双环多氧分子络合。特别强调的是使用各种技术研究单晶的光学、磁性和电学性质。由于不同的电极具有不同的性质，并且由于它们的行为通常取决于样品的热历史，因此新的络合剂将被合成以提供更广泛的晶体电极种类。最近的理论研究指出了阴离子空腔和空通道在电子体中的重要性，以及分子电子体中不成对电子波函数的扩展性质。为了将实验与理论联系起来，我们将合成简单的Li+络合物，如9-crown-3、12-crown-3和cryptand 1.1.1，并将其用于制备研究用的电子。将研究使用碱化物和电化物制备纳米级过渡金属和金属间颗粒，无论是自由的还是在沸石笼中。本研究涉及晶体盐和气相沉积薄膜的合成和表征，这些薄膜含有碱金属阴离子（碱）或捕获电子（电）和阳离子。碱化物和电子化物是两类有趣的新材料。特别是电子，提供了一个独特的机会来研究电子的行为，这些电子不“属于”特定的原子或分子，而是占据紧密堆积的大型络合阳离子之间的空穴和通道。它们提供了机会来研究在接近接近自由电子晶格的系统中非金属到金属的转变，以及在1、2和3维中的磁相互作用和电子导电性。重点将给予研究的光学，磁性和电学性质的单晶使用许多表征方法。

Abstract 9402016 Dye This research involves the synthesis and characterization of crystalline salts and vapor-deposited thin films that contain alkali metal anions (alkalides) or trapped electrons (electrides) and cations that are complexed by cyclic or bicyclic poly-oxa molecules. Particular emphasis will be given to the study of the optical, magnetic and electrical properties of single crystals using a variety of techniques. Because different electrides have widely different properties, and since their behavior often is dependent on the thermal history of the sample, new complexants will be synthesized to provide a wider assortment of crystalline electrides. Recent theoretical treatments have pointed out the importance of anionic cavities and empty channels in electrides and the extended nature of the unpaired electron wavefunction in molecular electrides. To relate experiment to theory, simple complexants for Li+, such as 9-crown-3, 12-crown-3 and cryptand 1.1.1 will be synthesized and used to prepare electrides for study. The use of alkalides and electrides to prepare nanoscale transition metal and intermetallic particles, both free and in zeolite cages will be studied. %%% This research is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of crystalline salts and vapor-deposited thin films that contain alkali metal anions (alkalides) or trapped electrons (electrides) and cations. Alkalides and electrides are two new, interesting classes of materials. Electrides, in particular, provide the unique opportunity to examine the behavior of electrons that do not "belong" to a particular atom or molecule, but rather, occupy the holes and channels between close-packed large complexed cations. They provide the opportunity to study such phenomena as non-metal to metal transitions in systems that approach a lattice of nearly free electrons, and magnetic interactions and electronic conductivity in 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. Emphasis will be given to the study of the optical, magnetic and ele ctrical properties of single crystals using many characterization methods.