Pillared Layered Compounds: Their Synthesis, Structure and Properties

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9407899 Clearfield Metal oxide pillared layered materials (PLM) are a relatively new class of microporous solid acids. Potential areas of application include their use as catalysts, sorbents, ion exchangers, sensors and ionic conductors. In a previous grant from NSF, a wide variety of PLM were synthesized including clay minerals, phosphates, oxides, layered double hydroxides (LDH) and single metal hydroxides. Novel pillars were prepared in addition to more traditional alumina, zirconia and chromia pillars. The aim of this work is to incorporate other transition elements into the nickel oxide or cobalt oxide pillars. The long range objectives are to obtain a fundamental understanding of the synthetic and post-synthesis procedures for control of pore size and other structural features, control of acidity or basicity by choice of layered material and pillars and subsequent pillar treatments and to develop novel acid, bifunctional and redox catalysts based upon this information. To acquire the needed structural data for the new materials, novel x-ray methods and procedures involving electron diffraction, lattice imaging, atomic force microscopy and novel mass spectrometry methods will be used. %%% Solid-acid catalysts are the backbone of the major processes of refining and petrochemistry. In the reformulation of gasoline and petroleum products to meet environmental standards and the requirements of future vehicles, new solid acids directed towards catalyzing specific reactions will be in demand. Redox catalysts also play a crucial role in many large scale industrial processes and in the future, both catalyst types will be expected to play a greater role in the preparation of fine chemicals. Pillared layered materials represent a potential new class of catalysts of astonishing breadth and variety. However, before their application becomes a reality, it is essential to develop a complete understanding of their structures, develop strategies for altering the structures in controlled ways, and relate catalytic behavior to structure and composition. These problems are addressed in this proposal.