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Modules and Modes in Foraging Behavior

觅食行为的模块和模式

基本信息

批准号：
9408366
负责人：
William Timberlake
金额：
$ 22.5万
依托单位：
Indiana University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1994-09-01 至 1998-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9408366&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Modules Modes Foraging Behavior

项目摘要

IBN 9408366 Timberlake The present research attempts to use the concept of "behavior systems" to combine the ethological study of "instinctive" behavior with laboratory research demonstrating the importance of learning in determining purposive behavior. A "behavior system" refers to stimulus filtering, preorganized response components, and motivational states organized around a specific function, such as foraging for food. Dr. Timberlake assumes that learning mechanisms evolved to alter behavior within the context of such a functional system. He also assumes that the examples of learning produced by familiar laboratory procedures, such as Pavlovian and operant conditioning, can be profitably studied within a functional system. His experiments use prior knowledge of the feeding-foraging systems of rats and pigeons to predict the form of conditioned responding and the ease of learning under laboratory procedures. At the same time, these experiments use the analytic power of the laboratory manipulations to further develop and refine our knowledge of the feeding-foraging system. The experiments focus on characteristics of the sequence of motivational states related to foraging: the control of the general search state, as measured by locomotor search of maze environments; the control of the focal search state, especially as it relates to the conditioning of "superstitious" behavior; and the relation of learned chains of behavior to transitions between general and focal search states. The results should clarify the contribution of learning to behavior in both the laboratory and natural environments.

本研究试图使用“行为系统”的概念，将“本能”行为的行为学研究与实验室研究结合起来，证明学习在决定有目的行为中的重要性。“行为系统”指的是刺激过滤，预先组织的反应成分，以及围绕特定功能组织的动机状态，例如觅食。廷伯莱克博士认为，在这样一个功能系统的背景下，学习机制的进化是为了改变行为。他还假设，由熟悉的实验室程序产生的学习例子，如巴甫洛夫条件反射和操作性条件反射，可以在一个功能系统中进行有益的研究。他的实验利用老鼠和鸽子的喂养-觅食系统的先验知识来预测条件反应的形式和实验室程序下的学习难易程度。同时，这些实验利用实验室操作的分析能力来进一步发展和完善我们对喂食-觅食系统的认识。实验重点研究了与觅食相关的动机状态序列的特征：一般搜索状态的控制，通过迷宫环境的运动搜索来衡量；对焦点搜索状态的控制，特别是当它与“迷信”行为的调节有关时；学习行为链与一般搜索状态和焦点搜索状态之间转换的关系。研究结果应阐明在实验室和自然环境中学习对行为的贡献。