Collaborative Research: BoCP-Implementation: The influence of different nutrient delivery modes on functional biodiversity of marine plankton in a changing ocean

合作研究：BoCP-实施：不同养分输送模式对变化海洋中海洋浮游生物功能生物多样性的影响

• 批准号: 2326028
• 负责人: Monique Messié
• 金额: $ 41.98万
• 依托单位: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-10-01 至 2027-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2326028&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; BoCP; Implementation; influence

All living organisms must acquire nutrients from their environment to survive and grow. Phytoplankton and their zooplankton grazers in the ocean, which constitute the base levels of the planet’s largest food webs and play an essential role in global carbon cycling, are no exception. However, the rules governing how different physical mechanisms of nutrient delivery to marine ecosystems structure plankton biodiversity and interaction networks along with their trophic dependencies are poorly understood. This project examines how these specific physical mechanisms influence the functional biodiversity of plankton communities through increasing nutrient inputs into the mixed layer, leading to strong, yet perhaps predictable biological variability in a changing ocean environment. This research reveals details on how environmental disturbances of varying spatial and temporal scales affect ecosystem function and elucidates the dynamics between taxonomic biodiversity and functional diversity with respect to ecosystem stability. Insights gained from this program about controls on productivity and biodiversity are applicable to many island and upwelling systems globally. Engagement of local partners to collect additional observations and dissemination of research findings to the Galápagos community enable a two-way dialog about system function and the issues faced by the indigenous community due to climate change. The project also provides training for graduate students and undergraduates from underrepresented groups and a K-12 teacher.This project combines field and laboratory studies with a modeling effort to evaluate if different physical modes of nutrient delivery, in close proximity to each other, exert sufficient controls on nutrient availability that influences plankton functional diversity and associated dynamics. The study site is the Galápagos archipelago in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean where intensive shipboard sampling is augmented by 12-month deployments of a vertical profiler mooring to observe i) an isolated island wake and ii) interaction of the archipelago with the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and upwelling on the western side of the archipelago. Internal tides, believed to have a significant influence on the system, are also being observed. Varying functional traits of plankton such as nutrient acquisition strategies and storage are being measured to investigate whether they are selected upon by these inputs. The cruise and longer-term observational efforts generate a spatial survey and time series of physical, chemical and biological properties. Laboratory culture studies using phytoplankton isolates obtained from the region are used to quantify phytoplankton functional traits in relation to nutrient acquisition and storage. The results inform parameterization of a plankton NPZ model forced by time series of nutrient delivery representative of the three physical modes at play, used to test if bottom-up control can explain observed distributions and temporal variability. This research advances ecological theory on biodiversity dynamics and functional biodiversity by testing the hypothesis that functional redundancy drives ecosystem stability, achieved through resistance to change or resiliency.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

所有生物都必须从环境中获取营养才能生存和生长。海洋中的浮游植物和浮游动物也不例外，它们构成了地球上最大的食物网的底层，在全球碳循环中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，规则如何不同的物理机制的营养输送到海洋生态系统结构浮游生物的生物多样性和相互作用网络沿着它们的营养依赖性知之甚少。该项目研究这些具体的物理机制如何通过增加营养物输入混合层，影响浮游生物群落的功能性生物多样性，从而在不断变化的海洋环境中产生强大的、但也许是可预测的生物变异性。这项研究揭示了不同的空间和时间尺度的环境干扰如何影响生态系统功能的细节，并阐明了分类生物多样性和功能多样性之间的动态与生态系统稳定性。从该计划中获得的关于控制生产力和生物多样性的见解适用于全球许多岛屿和上升流系统。当地合作伙伴参与收集更多的观察结果，并向加拉帕戈斯社区传播研究结果，从而能够就系统功能和土著社区因气候变化而面临的问题进行双向对话。该项目还为来自代表性不足群体的研究生和本科生以及一名K-12教师提供培训，该项目将实地和实验室研究与建模工作相结合，以评估不同的物理模式的营养输送，在彼此接近的情况下，是否对影响浮游生物功能多样性和相关动态的营养供应施加足够的控制。研究地点是赤道东太平洋的加拉帕戈斯群岛，通过部署12个月的垂直剖面仪系泊来加强密集的船上采样，以观察i）孤立的岛屿尾流和ii）群岛与赤道暗流（EUC）的相互作用以及群岛西侧的上升流。据信对该系统有重大影响的内潮也正在观察中。浮游生物的各种功能特征，如营养物质的获取策略和储存正在被测量，以调查它们是否被这些输入所选择。巡航和长期观测工作产生了物理、化学和生物特性的空间调查和时间序列。利用从该地区获得的浮游植物分离株的实验室培养研究被用来量化浮游植物的功能特性与营养物质的获取和储存。结果通知参数化的浮游生物NPZ模型强制营养物质输送的时间序列代表的三个物理模式在发挥作用，用于测试，如果自下而上的控制可以解释观察到的分布和时间变异。该研究通过测试功能冗余驱动生态系统稳定的假设，推进生物多样性动态和功能生物多样性的生态理论，通过抵抗变化或弹性实现。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。