Grammatical Agreement in Speech Production: The Cognitive Context

9411672语言研究的中心问题涉及语言和非语言认知之间的关系。因此，该项目的目的是确定需要哪些概念和语言信息来建立语法一致，并解释它们在正在进行的言语中的相互作用。我们将探讨两个一般协议关系。第一个是主语和动词之间的数字协议，扩展了前一批赠款期间开展的工作。二是主语和代词的一致性，特别是反身代词和标记代词。以往的研究主要集中在三个问题上：(1)动词一致信息的性质，无论是语言上的还是语用上的；(2)在一致中使用的数字信息的性质，无论是语法上的还是概念上的；(3)一致执行的主要地点，无论是基于语法关系还是跨表层串创建的。对这些问题的经验回答表明，动词的协议控制器可以是语言的，而不是语用的，协议执行过程中使用的数量是语法的，协议执行是从语法层面驱动的，几乎不受信息的概念特征或屈折语素的语音特征的影响。这项新研究从三个方面对这些结果进行了扩展。这三点都与认同的认知语境有关。目标是更好地说明从概念特征到语言特征的过渡，包括落实协议具体细节的机制。实验考察了(A)主谓一致中所调用的数量和性别特征是否与代词一致中所调用的数量和性别特征相同；(B)导致一致错误的特征是否是控制规范一致的S特征；(C)说话者如何创建受一致影响的词汇形式。除了这三个主题外，研究还建议在跨语言方面扩展这部作品，超越英语的最小协议系统。所有的研究都同时来自于引出话语的受控实验方法和对日常言语中的同意模式的观察。通过这些方式，这项研究系统地加强了我们对人类交流的一个基本方面--语言的产生的理解。对正常产出的强调和句法在其中的作用使正在进行的研究项目在心理语言学中独一无二。

9411672 The central issues in the study of language involve the relationship between language and nonlinguistic cognition. Accordingly, the aim of the project is to determine the kinds of conceptual and linguistic information that are called on to create grammatical agreement, and to explain their interplay in ongoing speech. Two general agreement relations will be explored. The first is number agreement between subjects and verbs, extending work carried out during the previous grant period. The second is agreement between subjects and pronouns, specifically reflexive pronouns and tag pronouns. Previous research focused on three questions about the production of subject-verb number agreement in English: (1) the nature of the verb's agreement controllers, whether linguistic or pragmatic; (2) the nature of the number information that is used in agreement, whether grammatical or conceptual; and (3) the principal locus of agreement implementation, whether created over grammatical relations or across surface strings. The empirically derived answers to these questions indicate that the verb's agreement controllers can be linguistic rather than pragmatic, that the number used during agreement implementation is grammatical, and that the implementation is driven from a grammatical level, with little influence either from conceptual features of the message or from the phonological features of inflectional morphemes. The new research extends these results in three directions. All three have to do with the cognitive context of agreement. The goal is to better illuminate the transition from conceptual to linguistic features, including the mechanisms that implement the concrete details of agreement. The experiments examine (a) whether the number and gender features that are called on in subject-verb agreement are the same as the number and gender features called on in pronominal agreement; (b) whether the features that are responsible for agreement errors are the s ame features that control canonical agreement; and (c) how speakers create agreement-inflected word forms. In addition to these three main themes, studies are proposed to extend the work crosslinguistically, going beyond the minimal agreement system of English. All of the investigations draw simultaneously from controlled experimental methods for eliciting utterances and from observations of agreement patterns in everyday speech. In these ways, the research systematically enhances our understanding of a cardinal facet of human communication, the production of language. The emphasis on normal production and the role of syntax in it makes the ongoing research program unique in psycholinguistics.