Human Modification of Landscape Function in New England and Ireland: Land Use Legacies and Atmospheric Deposition

9416005阿伯 新英格兰和欧洲的森林和农业景观有着共同的历史，长期的人类土地使用和最近人为大气沉积的增加。 新英格兰和爱尔兰之间的共同利益尤其明显。 这两个地区都毗邻空气污染排放量高的地区，这些地区经历着可变和偶发的污染沉积事件。 这两个地区都是潮湿的地区，最初主要覆盖着落叶阔叶林。 这两个国家都经历了几乎完全的森林砍伐，以转变为中耕农业和放牧。 两者之间的一个关键区别是，在过去的150年里，新英格兰的大部分地区已经通过农场废弃而重新造林，而爱尔兰的景观仍然以农业用途为主。 然而，最近的经验表明，爱尔兰的温和的气候可以支持欧洲最快的森林生长速度，导致了积极的重新造林计划，主要是针叶树原产于美国西北部的景观美学，土地利用模式和水质的影响重新造林都受到质疑。 具体而言，该项目旨在1）将欧洲EXMAN（森林生态系统实验操作）网络的现有生物地球化学数据集与美国东北部的类似数据集相结合，2)为爱尔兰开发一个1公里分辨率的地理信息系统，其中包含月平均最高和最低温度、月降水量、月太阳辐射和主要土壤类型分布的信息，以便利用PnET模型预测爱尔兰潜在的森林生产力，并将这些结果与新英格兰类似分析的结果进行比较，3）通过比较相邻的农田和森林系统、相邻的不同土地利用历史的森林系统以及不同植被类型的森林站点，研究土地利用对土壤性质和功能的长期影响。

9416005 Aber The forested and agricultural landscapes of New England and Europe share a common history of long-term human land use and more recent increases in anthropogenic atmospheric deposition. The commonality of interests between New England and Ireland are especially apparent. Both are regions adjacent to areas of high air pollution emissions which experience variable and episodic pollution deposition events. Both are humid regions initially covered mainly with deciduous broad-leaved forests. Both have experienced near-complete deforestation for conversion to both row-crop agriculture and grazing. A Critical difference between the two is that much of New England has become reforested through farm abandonment over the last 150 years, while the Irish landscape is still dominated by agricultural use. However, recent experience demonstrating that Ireland's mild climate can support the most rapid rates of forest growth in Europe has lead to an aggressive program of reforestation, mainly with conifers native to the northwestern U.S. Impacts of reforestation on landscape esthetics, land use patterns and water quality have all been questioned. Specifically, this project is designed 1) to combine existing biogeochemical data sets from the European EXMAN (EXperimental MANipulation of forest ecosystems) network with similar data set for the northeastern U.S., 2) to develop a 1 km resolution GIS for Ireland containing information on monthly average maximum and minimum temperature, monthly precipitation, monthly solar radiation and on the distribution of major soils types in order to predict potential forest productivity for Ireland using the PnET model, and to compare these results with those from a similar analysis for New England, and 3) to examine the long-term effects of land use on soil properties and function by comparing adjacent field and forest systems, adjacent forest systems with different land use histories, and forest sites with different vegetation types.