Dissertation Research: The Environment as as Political Resource: Land Reform on the Masoala Penisula, Madagascar

论文研究：作为政治资源的环境：马达加斯加马苏阿拉半岛的土地改革

• 批准号: 9419644
• 负责人: Jean Ensminger
• 金额: $ 1.64万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-03-01 至 1996-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9419644&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Environment; Political; Resource

This project involves the dissertation research of a student of cultural anthropology from Washington University, St. Louis. The project is to study the evolving process by which tribal farmers in a rural area of Madagascar defend their claims to farmland in a forested area where the federal government and international NGOs hope to establish a wildlife preserve. Using ethnographic techniques of intensive interviewing about life histories and family histories, coupled with a survey of an entire representative village and a set of intensive interviews on land conflicts, the student will test the proposition that wealthier villagers, who will tend to have been earlier settlers and control more land, can more successfully contest the government's definition of rights to land and affect the evolving social norms in their communities. This research is important because land reform, the protection of forested areas, and the migration of poor farmers to new agricultural zones are global processes taking place all over the developing world. Advances in our understanding of how land use rights become established and accepted by local communities will help planners design more effective programs to defend wildlife areas from encroachment. In addition this project will train a scholar in the culture and ecology of this part of the world.

本课题是一位来自圣路易斯华盛顿大学文化人类学专业的学生的论文研究。 该项目旨在研究马达加斯加农村地区的部落农民捍卫其对森林地区农田的主张的演变过程，联邦政府和国际非政府组织希望在该地区建立一个野生动物保护区。 使用关于生活史和家族史的密集采访的民族志技术，加上对整个代表性村庄的调查和一系列关于土地冲突的密集采访，学生将测试较富裕的村民的主张，他们往往是早期定居者并控制更多的土地，他们可以更成功地质疑政府对土地权的定义，并影响其社区不断演变的社会规范。 这项研究之所以重要，是因为土地改革、保护森林地区以及贫困农民向新农业区的迁移是在发展中世界发生的全球性进程。 我们对土地使用权如何被当地社区确立和接受的理解的进步将有助于规划者设计更有效的方案，以保护野生动物保护区免受侵犯。 此外，该项目还将培训一名了解世界这一地区文化和生态的学者。