Ecological and Evolutionary Bases of Extinction in West Indian Birds

西印度鸟类灭绝的生态和进化基础

• 批准号: 9419645
• 负责人: Robert Ricklefs
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-04-15 至 1996-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9419645&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ecological; Evolutionary; Bases; Extinction; West

9419645 Ricklefs This research will test the hypothesis that ecological relationships of populations evolve in consistent directions with increasing age, and these changes ultimately result in increased probability of extinction through restricted habitat breadth and reduced population size. To address this hypothesis, the investigators will use an historical and evolutionary approach. The research will focus on land bird populations of the West Indies. Previous work has suggested that older populations exhibit restricted habitat breadth and reduced population size, and have higher risk of extinction, than do younger populations. In this study, evolutionary age of an island population will be estimated by the genetic divergence between it and the most closely related sister population on a neighboring island or on the continent. Each population provides a time-slice through evolutionary trends of long duration. The chronological sequence of populations will allow reconstruction of historical trends in habitat breadth, population density, and genetic diversity that apply generally to small land birds, and to examine their consistency across taxa. This research will allow us to gain a better understanding of ecological and evolutionary processes associated with species extinction. A better understanding of extinction processes of birds on islands can provide the framework for conservation of declining populations of species in an increasingly fragmented landscape through the US and the world.

9419645 Rickleff这项研究将检验这样一个假设，即种群的生态关系随着年龄的增长而朝着一致的方向进化，这些变化最终会通过限制栖息地宽度和减少种群规模而增加灭绝的可能性。为了解决这一假设，研究人员将使用历史和进化的方法。这项研究将集中在西印度群岛的陆鸟种群。先前的研究表明，与年轻种群相比，老年种群的栖息地宽度受到限制，种群规模缩小，灭绝的风险更高。在这项研究中，岛屿种群的进化年龄将通过它与邻近岛屿或大陆上关系最密切的姐妹种群之间的遗传差异来估计。每个种群提供了一个持续时间较长的进化趋势的时间切片。种群的时间顺序将允许重建栖息地宽度、种群密度和遗传多样性的历史趋势，这些趋势一般适用于小型陆鸟，并检查它们在分类群中的一致性。这项研究将使我们能够更好地了解与物种灭绝相关的生态和进化过程。更好地了解岛屿上鸟类的灭绝过程，可以为保护美国和世界各地日益分散的景观中不断减少的物种数量提供框架。