Host Specificity and Distribution of Avian Blood Parasites

禽血液寄生虫的宿主特异性和分布

• 批准号: 0089226
• 负责人: Robert Ricklefs
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Saint Louis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-01 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0089226&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Host; Specificity; Distribution; Avian; Blood

0089226. Ricklefs.The proposed research uses molecular and genetic techniques (DNA sequencing and PCR-based RFLP assays) to characterize the distribution of blood parasites (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) in species of birds on islands in the Lesser Antilles. Isolated island populations of birds and other animals are vulnerable to infection by introduced pathogens, which may influence population size and the habitat distribution of their hosts. Indeed, the extinction of a number of endemic species of birds in the Hawaiian Islands has been attributed to the introduction of malaria and pox viruses. The extent to which exotic host species can influence native species, and the composition of local communities, in part depends on the likelihood of host-switching. Although host-switching has been examined in the medical literature for some diseases, it has not been addressed from a community perspective across a broad region, such as the Caribbean. This project builds on massive collections of blood smears and buffered blood samples obtained from almost 2,000 birds representing 37 species, and the complete phylogenetic appraisals of island populations of each avian host species. Research will correlate community relationships and geographic distributions of both host and parasite in a contemporaneous fashion. Fieldwork will substantially increase the sampling of host individuals in the West Indies to determine seasonal, habitat, and annual variation in parasite infections. Laboratory determination of parasite gene sequences will allow an accurate description of host- and parasite-sharing within island communities of Antillean birds. In addition, it will facilitate an understanding of patterns of colonization and endemism in a regional parasite fauna, as well as a quantification of the association between phylogenetic patterns in hosts and parasites. This history may reveal generalizations about potential emerging diseases in wildlife species.

0089226. Ricklefs.拟议的研究利用分子和遗传技术（DNA测序和基于聚合酶链反应的限制性片段长度多态性分析）来确定小安的列斯群岛岛屿鸟类血液寄生虫（疟原虫和变形血吸虫）的分布情况。 与世隔绝的岛屿鸟类和其他动物种群很容易受到外来病原体的感染，这可能影响其宿主的种群规模和生境分布。 事实上，夏威夷群岛一些特有鸟类的灭绝是由于疟疾和痘病毒的引入。 外来宿主物种对本地物种的影响程度以及当地群落的组成部分取决于宿主转换的可能性。 虽然医学文献中对某些疾病的宿主转换进行了研究，但尚未从加勒比等广大区域的社区角度加以探讨。该项目建立在从代表37个物种的近2,000只鸟类获得的大量血液涂片和缓冲血液样本的基础上，并对每个鸟类宿主物种的岛屿种群进行了完整的系统发育评估。 研究将以同期的方式将宿主和寄生虫的群落关系和地理分布联系起来。 实地工作将大大增加在西印度群岛的主机个人的采样，以确定寄生虫感染的季节性，栖息地和年度变化。 寄生虫基因序列的实验室测定将允许一个准确的描述主机和寄生虫共享岛屿社区内的安的列斯群岛鸟类。 此外，它将有助于了解的殖民化和特有的区域寄生虫动物群的模式，以及在主机和寄生虫的系统发育模式之间的关联的量化。 这段历史可能揭示了野生动物物种中潜在的新疾病的普遍性。