World Color Survey

世界色彩调查

• 批准号: 9419702
• 负责人: Paul Kay
• 金额: $ 7.65万
• 依托单位: International Computer Science Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-04-01 至 1997-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9419702&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: World; Color; Survey

9419702 Kay ABSTRACT The long run objective of the project is to deepen our understanding of the relation between visual perception and linguistic meaning. More specifically, this study is conducted in the domain of words for colors. Words for colors have been and remain a key domain in which to study the relation between perception and language because colors themselves are objectively describable independent of the words used to name them in any particular language. For a study of this kind to be interpretable in general terms it is essential that data be gathered, not only from familiar languages of developed regions of Europe, America and Asia, but also from unwritten languages spoken by peoples at relatively simple technological levels in all parts of the world. Otherwise the findings may merely reflect aspects of technologically advanced societies, rather than revealing properties of homo sapiens. For this reason a survey of 111 unwritten languages, distributed world-wide, was conducted in a prior phase of this study. The meanings of the principal words for colors in each of these languages are established by obtaining from twenty-five (or occasionally fewer) speakers of each participating language that speaker's word for each of 320 colored stimuli, chosen to give a representative sample of all the colors visible to humans. Analysis of the stage of basic color term evolution of each language will be assessed. A set of detailed hypotheses regarding how the two original basic color terms, (white or red or yellow) and (black or green or blue), are eventually divided into the separate fundamental categories: black, white, red, yellow, green, blue will be investigated with regard to the full set of data on 111 languages. Separate hypotheses regarding derived categories such as purple, orange and brown and heterogeneous categories, such as 'desaturated'/'muddy-colored', will also be tested against the full data set. Ca tegories comprising both yellow and green are known to exist. They pose special problems for the psychophysical derivation of the evolutionary sequence of basic color terms; this problem will also be addressed. Special attention will be paid to color categories that appear in the data which are not related in a simple way to the psychophysically established basic color sensations. Special attention will also be paid to inter-speaker variation in each language set and its relation to the evolutionary status of the language community taken as a whole.

9419702凯摘要该项目的长期目标是加深我们对视觉感知和语言意义之间关系的理解。更具体地说，这项研究是在颜色词领域进行的。颜色词一直是研究知觉和语言之间关系的关键领域，因为颜色本身是客观可描述的，独立于任何特定语言中用来命名颜色的词。要使这类研究具有一般性的可解释性，就必须不仅从欧洲、美洲和亚洲发达地区熟悉的语言中收集数据，而且从世界各地相对简单技术水平的人民所说的不成文语言中收集数据。否则，这些发现可能只反映了技术先进社会的某些方面，而不是揭示了智人的特性。为此，在这项研究的前一阶段，对分布在世界各地的111种非书面语言进行了调查。通过从每种参与语言的25名(或偶尔更少)说话者那里获得320个有色刺激中的每一个的说话者的单词，以给出人类可见的所有颜色的代表性样本，来确定这些语言中每种语言中颜色的主要单词的含义。将评估每种语言的基本颜色词演变阶段的分析。关于两个原始的基本颜色项(白色或红色或黄色)和(黑色或绿色或蓝色)最终如何划分为单独的基本类别：黑色、白色、红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色的一组详细假设将根据111种语言的全套数据进行调查。关于派生类别的单独假设，如紫色、橙色和棕色，以及不同类别，如“不饱和”/“浑浊的颜色”，也将针对整个数据集进行测试。已知存在由黄色和绿色组成的CA覆盖物。它们对基本颜色项进化序列的心理物理推导提出了特殊的问题；这个问题也将被解决。将特别注意出现在数据中的颜色类别，这些类别与心理物理上建立的基本颜色感觉没有简单的关系。还将特别注意每种语言集合中的说话人之间的差异及其与整个语言社区的演变状态的关系。