Collaborative Research on Processes and Timing of Geomorphic and Hydraulic Adjustments During Stream Channel Recovery

河道恢复过程中地貌水力调整过程及时机协同研究

• 批准号: 9420686
• 负责人: Francis Magilligan
• 金额: $ 3.29万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-15 至 1997-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9420686&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Processes; Timing; Geomorphic

9420686 MAGILLIGAN Many studies in geography and related disciplines have examined the ways that human activities impact on natural systems. One of the locales where such studies have been undertaken are streambeds, where direct human alteration of channel characteristics and indirect impacts resulting from changing patterns of land use on nearby lands have had profound impacts on processes of erosion and deposition. Relatively little attention has been focused, however, on the processes that occur when the impact of human activities are removed. This collaborative research project will examine stream channel recovery from chronic human disturbance through what is effectively a controlled experiment. The project will document the rate, magnitude, and processes of stream channel recovery following the elimination of cattle grazing from pasture lands along a number of streams in central and eastern Oregon. During the first year of work, data on channel morphology, streambed sediment characteristics, fish habitat characteristics, and indicators of fluvial processes will be gathered from six stream segments. Historical data on the nature and timing of land uses from written sources and remote sensors also will be gathered, with special attention given to the establishment of enclosures that prevented cattle grazing on nearby lands. These data will be analyzed and used to develop models of channel recovery. During the second year, field work will be expanded to examine sites for which nearby enclosures were established more recently and for which sediment, geologic, and ecological conditions of streams are more varied. This project will provide valuable new insights into streambed recovery processes. It will document differences in morphologic and hydraulic characteristics between restored and unrestored reaches of streams. It will test hypotheses about the ways that different factors respond during different phases of the recovery process, and it will determine the amount of time necessary to achieve restoration. This information will not only have significant value to researchers, but it will have considerable immediate utility to land managers in both the public and private sectors. Because part of the funding for this project is being made through the Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program, the project will provide an excellent opportunity for promising students to directly participate in a high-quality research project.

9420686 MAGILLIGAN 许多地理学和相关学科的研究都考察了人类活动对自然系统影响的方式。 进行此类研究的地点之一是河床，人类对河床特征的直接改变以及附近土地利用模式变化造成的间接影响对侵蚀和沉积过程产生了深远的影响。 然而，人们对人类活动影响消除后发生的过程的关注相对较少。 该合作研究项目将通过有效的受控实验来研究长期人类干扰下河道的恢复情况。 该项目将记录俄勒冈州中部和东部多条溪流沿线牧场取消牛群放牧后溪流河道恢复的速度、规模和过程。 在第一年的工作中，将从六个河段收集有关河道形态、河床沉积物特征、鱼类栖息地特征和河流过程指标的数据。 还将收集来自书面来源和遥感器的有关土地使用性质和时间的历史数据，特别关注建立防止牛在附近土地上放牧的围栏。 这些数据将被分析并用于开发通道恢复模型。 第二年，实地工作将扩大到检查附近最近建立的围栏以及河流的沉积物、地质和生态条件更加多样化的地点。 该项目将为河床恢复过程提供有价值的新见解。 它将记录已恢复和未恢复河段之间形态和水力特征的差异。 它将测试有关不同因素在恢复过程的不同阶段中的反应方式的假设，并将确定实现恢复所需的时间量。 这些信息不仅对研究人员具有重要价值，而且对公共和私营部门的土地管理者也具有相当大的直接效用。 由于该项目的部分资金是通过本科生研究经验计划提供的，因此该项目将为有前途的学生提供直接参与高质量研究项目的绝佳机会。