ABR: Molecular Systematics of the Lamiales

[509804]奥姆斯特德自从达尔文时代以来，系统学家一直致力于对生物进行分类，以代表它们之间的进化关系或系谱关系。达尔文之前的植物分类一直延续到今天，这一事实证明了被林奈和后来的植物学家用作主要特征的生殖结构变化的保守性。理查德·奥姆斯特德博士和其他几个人对开花植物DNA核苷酸序列变异的研究揭示了传统的家族分类和基于DNA的分类之间的严重差异，包括薄荷、马鞭草、黄花菜和金鱼龙家族等几个著名的植物群体。在子房和果实形态上的相似性显然误导了分类学家在同一科中统一系谱上不同的类群。奥姆斯特德博士正在继续对Boraginaceae、hydrophyllacae和rophulariaceae这三个广泛分布在世界温带地区的大科植物的代表性样本进行叶绿体基因的DNA测序研究。相关类群如旋花科（牵牛花科）、唇形科（薄荷科）和马鞭草科正在被同事和其他人研究。基于dna的关系分析将为这一大群高级dicots提供一个系统发育框架，独立于基于传统形态学特征的方案，从而作为对它们的测试。由于像金鱼属（Antirrhinum）这样的分类群是实验生物的模型，因此了解它们的进化近亲对于推断遗传和生理发现非常重要。

9509804 Olmstead Since the time of Darwin, systematists have worked to produce classifications of organisms that represent the evolutionary or genealogical relationships among them. The fact that pre-Darwinian classifications of plants have persisted to this day for many groups attests to the conservative nature of change in the reproductive structures that were used as primary characters by Linnaeus and subsequent botanists. Research on DNA nucleotide sequence variation in flowering plants by Dr. Richard Olmstead and several others has revealed serious discrepancies between traditional family-level classification and DNA-based groupings, for several well known groups of plants including the mint, verbena, borage, and snapdragon families. Similarities in ovary and fruit morphology have apparently misled taxonomists to unite genealogically separate groups within the same family. Dr. Olmstead is continuing DNA sequencing studies of genes of the chloroplast in representative samples of Boraginaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, large families with widespread distributions in temperate regions of the world. Related groups such as Convolvulaceae (morning glory family), Labiatae (mints), and Verbenaceae are being studied by colleagues and others. The DNA-based analyses of relationships will provide a phylogenetic framework for this large group of advanced dicots, independent of the schemes based on traditional morphological features and thus serving as a test of them. Because such taxa as Antirrhinum, the cultivated snapdragon, serve as model laboratory organisms, it is important to know their close evolutionary relatives in order to extrapolate genetic and physiological findings.