Collaborative Research: Intraindividual Variability in Time Discounting: The Overweighting of Immediate, and Underweighting of Delayed Transient Factors

这是一个与美国梅隆大学的乔治洛温斯坦合作的提案 （SBR-9520891）。 PI建议调查缺乏个人一致性， 在选择的情况下保持耐心。 作者认为，传统经济 贴现模型不足以解释这种不一致性。 相反，PI建议 暂时性的高贴现率是由暂时性因素 影响选择方案的可取性。 这些因素包括驱动器状态和 比如情绪。以下四个假设涵盖了他们的理论。 第一、 即时瞬态因素的变化对行为的影响大于 延迟性瞬时因素。 其次，我们对瞬时因素的实际响应大于 预期。 第三，我们低估了未来短暂因素对我们未来的影响 行为 第四，人们低估了瞬时因素对行为的影响， 其他人。 作者建议做四项研究，每项研究都将操纵一个 瞬变因子 基本的范式是提供参与者一个选择一个劣选项 现在还是以后的上级 PI将观察选择行为如何受到影响 通过改变选择的瞬时动机。

This is a collaborative proposal with George Loewenstein of Carnegie-Mellon University (SBR-9520891). The PIs propose to investigate the lack of personal consistency in patience across choice situations. The authors hypothesize that traditional economic discounting models are inadequate to explain such inconsistency. Instead the PIs propose that temporarily high discount rates are promoted by situations in which transient factors influence the desirability of choice alternatives. Such factors include drive states and emotions, for example. The following four hypotheses encompass their theory. First, changes in immediate transient factors have a greater impact on behavior than changes in delayed transient factors. Second, our actual response to a transient factor is greater than anticipated. Third, we underestimate the impact of future transient factors on our future behavior. Fourth, people underestimate the impact of transient factors on the behavior of other persons. The authors propose to do four studies, each of which will manipulate a transient factor. The basic paradigm is to offer participants a choice of an inferior option now or a superior one later. The PIs will observe how the choice behavior is influenced by varying the transient motivation for the options.