Capitalizing the Policy Sciences

在冷战结束后，政治家和公民呼吁从公共研究投资中获得更直接和即时的公共利益。一个典型的例子是美国全球变化研究计划（USGCRP），其任务是“结合和解释来自各种来源的数据，为决策者提供易于使用的信息，这些决策者试图制定有效的战略，以预防、减轻和适应全球气候变化的影响。”“这个项目是对目前在获取相关文献和跨专业交流方面的困难的回应。该项目将确定、发展和整合政策科学和更广泛的政策运动中积累的概念、理论和方法，使参与全球变化研究的研究人员、工作人员和管理人员能够利用这些概念、理论和方法为实际的政策目的提供可获取的信息。在过去的半个世纪里，政策科学为整合伦理、科学和政策做出了贡献。虽然政策专家尚未达成共识，但这些知识工具经受住了几十年的实践和同行评议，并形成了一种背景化、问题导向和多方法的共同观点。其方法包括学科专业词汇的功能对等翻译；历史、案例和比较方法；以及应用伦理学的方法。使用这些概念和方法，首席研究员将编写一本书、演讲和文章，以帮助各种专家和非专业人士进行有关全球变化的研究和政策授权，以解决实际的政策问题。

In the aftermath of the Cold War, politicians and citizens call for more direct and immediate public benefits from public investments in research. A case in point is the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), with its mandate to `combine and interpret data from various sources to produce information readily usable by policy makers attempting to formulate effective strategies for preventing, mitigating, and adapting to the effects of global climate change.` This project is a response to current difficulties in accessing the relevant literatures and communicating across specializations. The project will identify, develop, and integrate the accumulated concepts, theories and methods of the policy sciences and the broader policy movement in ways that will allow researchers, staff and administrators involved in global change research to use them to produce accessible information for practical policy purposes. Over the last half century, the policy sciences have contributed toward integrating ethics, science and policy. While policy specialists have not achieved concensus, the intellectual tools have survived decades of practice and peer review and converged on a common outlook that is contextual, problem-oriented, and multi-method. Its methods involve translation among functional equivalents in the specialized vocabularies of the disciplines; historical, case, and comparative methods; and the methods of applied ethics. Using these concepts and methods, the principal investigator will develop a book and presentations and articles that will assist a wide variety of specialists and lay persons with research and policy mandates concerning global change to address practical policy issues.