Differential Effectiveness of Schools

9512009 Altonji私立学校是否比公立学校更有效的问题是目前全国辩论的中心，辩论的主题是教育券、特许学校和其他增加教育选择的改革。 这个问题一直是研究人员之间争论不休的话题。 如果私立学校确实能以较低的成本提供较好的教育，那么扩大学校教育选择的理由就更加充分了。 由于天主教学校约占美国私立学校入学人数的三分之二，评估天主教学校的有效性是评估私立学校的一个重要部分。 围绕天主教学校对成绩分数和其他结果的影响的分歧集中在天主教学校的非随机选择问题上。 本项目将探讨天主教学校的影响如何随个人特征，如种族，性别，父母的教育，家庭收入，并与邻里特点和学校的特点。 该项目将利用这样一个事实来解决天主教学校的选择问题，即靠近天主教学校对天主教徒上天主教学校的可能性有很大影响，但对非天主教徒没有影响。 这允许使用的宗教偏好和接近天主教学校之间的相互作用，以统计确定天主教学校的影响。 将对邻近度和宗教偏好进行单独控制。 该方法将使用1972年的全国高中班级纵向调查和收入小组研究来实施，该调查报告了居民的邮政编码 动态，报告人口普查区。 该项目将利用1995年PSID中的一个教育补充资料，该资料提供有关所上学校类型的信息，并将PSID地理编码数据扩展到1994年。 面板数据集将与社区信息相匹配， 社区、当地公立学校以及最近的天主教学校的距离和特点。 各种工具变量和控制函数估计将 用于估计天主教学校的影响，与宗教偏好和邻近之间的相互作用作为关键的外生 变量

9512009 Altonji The question of whether private schools are more effective than public schools is at the center of the current national debate over the role of vouchers, charter schools, and other reforms that would increase choice in education. The question has been the subject of much controversy among researchers. If private schools do in fact provide better education at lower cost, then the case for expansion of choice in schooling is strengthened. Since Catholic schools account for about two thirds of private school enrollment in the U.S., assessing the effectiveness of Aatholic schools is an important part of the assessment of private schooling. The disagreement surrounding the effects of Catholic schools on achievement scores and other outcomes centers around the problem of nonrandom selection into Catholic schools. This project will investigate how Catholic school effects vary with individual characteristics such as race, gender, parental education, family income, and with neighborhood characteristics and school characteristics. The project will address the selection problem for Catholic schools by taking advantage of the fact that proximity to Catholic schools has a strong effect on the probability of Catholic school attendance for Catholics but not for non-Catholics. This permits the use of the interaction between religious preference and proximity to Catholic schools to statistically identify Catholic school effects. Separate controls for both proximity and religious preference will be used. The approach will be implemented using the National Longitudinal Survey of the High School Class of 1972, which reports zipcode of resident, and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, which reports Census tract. The project will take advantage of an education supplement in the 1995 PSID the provides information about type of school attended and the extension of the PSID geocode data through 1994. The panel data sets will be matched to information on th e neighborhood and community, local public schools, and the distance to and characteristics of the nearest Catholic schools. Various instrumental variables and control function estimators will be used to estimate Catholic school effects, with the interaction between religious preferences and proximity as the key exogenous variable.