ARI: The Hawaii-2 Observatory: A Deep Ocean Geoscience Facility Re-using the Hawaii-2 Telephone Cable

ARI：Hawaii-2 天文台：重复使用 Hawaii-2 电话线的深海地球科学设施

• 批准号: 9512614
• 负责人: Rhett Butler
• 金额: $ 223.4万
• 依托单位: Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-01-01 至 2001-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9512614&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ARI; Hawaii; Observatory; Deep; Ocean

This ARI award provides funding to convert the AT&T Hawaii-2 undersea co-axial telephone cable, a retired cable that stretches from Hawaii to southern California, into a long-term geophysical observatory. The Hawaii-2 Observatory (H2O) will be created by cutting the cable approximately mid-way between Hawaii and California and inserting a junction box with eight underwater-mateable connectors. Power will be supplied to the junction box and any instruments attached to it from the AT&T Makaha cable station on the island of Oahu. A landline from the cable station to the Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa will allow scientists to monitor data from the ocean bottom observatory in real-time and modify the software contained in the junction box and instruments. The first instrument the PI's propose to deploy at the H2O is a seismometer because the proposed site of the junction box optimizes coverage of a strategic area for the IRIS Global Seismic Network (GSN), an international network of seismic stations. Observations from GSN stations are constrained by the location of the stations, which are all on continents or islands. This biased distribution of seismic stations introduces spatial alias and substantial uncertainties into earth studies, particularly tomographic studies of the Earth's structure and studies of earthquake source location, focal mechanism, and rupture process. Ocean floor observatories are necessary to complete the network. Oceanographers have initiated an international effort to establish an Ocean Seismic Network as a subset of the GSN. They have identified 20 areas of the ocean floor where seismic coverage is a high priority; H2O would offer coverage of one of these areas. In addition to advances in seismic studies, H2O could be used to advance studies of geomagetism, tsunamis, polar motion, gravity and geodetic studies. Geomagnetic data also are biased by the distribution of observatories, which are mainly located on continents in the northern hemisphere. A recent NRC task group re port has described the scientific rationale for a more balanced global geomagnetic network and proposed the addition of 8 seafloor sites, including one in the vicinity of H2O. Tsunami studies are hampered by a lack of open-ocean data and would be greatly enhanced by deployment of a pressure sensor at the H2O site. Real-time access to the data would improve the ability of existing tsunami warning systems to predict wave height. Ocean bottom pressure is also an indicator of large scale horizontal water motions, which affect the Earth's axis of rotation, vertical and horizontal deformation of the earth's crust, and fluctuations in surface gravity. The H2O site would allow real-time studies of these geophysical systems.

ARI的这一奖项提供资金，将AT T夏威夷-2海底同轴电话电缆（一条从夏威夷延伸到加州南部的退役电缆）转换为长期地球物理观测站。 夏威夷-2天文台（H2O）将通过切断夏威夷和加州之间的电缆，并插入一个带有八个水下可匹配连接器的接线盒来创建。 电力将从奥巴桑乔岛的AT T Makaha电缆站提供给接线盒和任何连接到接线盒的仪器。 从电缆站到马诺阿的夏威夷大学的固定电话将使科学家能够实时监测海底观测站的数据，并修改接线盒和仪器中的软件。 PI建议在H2O部署的第一个仪器是地震仪，因为接线盒的拟议位置优化了IRIS全球地震网络（GSN）的战略区域的覆盖范围，这是一个国际地震台站网络。地球同步卫星网络台站的观测受到台站位置的限制，这些台站都位于大陆或岛屿上。地震台站的这种偏向性分布给地球研究，特别是地球结构的层析成像研究和震源位置、震源机制和破裂过程的研究，带来了空间假频和大量的不确定性。 海底观测站是完成网络所必需的。海洋学家发起了一项国际努力，以建立海洋地震网，作为全球地震网的一个子集。 他们已经确定了20个海底区域，其中地震覆盖是一个高度优先事项; H2O将提供其中一个区域的覆盖。 除了在地震研究方面取得进展外，H2O还可用于推进地质年代学、海啸、极地运动、重力和大地测量研究。 地磁数据也受到观测站分布的影响，这些观测站主要位于北方的大陆。最近的一份NRC工作组报告描述了一个更平衡的全球地磁网络的科学原理，并建议增加8个海底站点，包括H2O附近的一个站点。 海啸研究因缺乏公海数据而受到阻碍，在H2O现场部署压力传感器将大大加强海啸研究。 实时获取这些数据将提高现有海啸预警系统预测波高的能力。洋底压力也是大规模水平水运动的一个指标，它影响地球的旋转轴，地壳的垂直和水平变形以及表面重力的波动。H2O站点将允许对这些地球物理系统进行实时研究。