Fullerene Nano-Probes

富勒烯纳米探针

• 批准号: 9522251
• 负责人: Richard Smalley
• 金额: $ 74.47万
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9522251&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fullerene; Nano; Probes

9522251 Smalley This project addresses one of the grand challenges of nanotechnology: learning how to image and manipulate individual objects on the nanometer scale. Using carbon networks in the form of fullerene nanotubes and wires, this project aims to develop a new generation of probes which connect the macroscopic to the nanoscopic world with chemically specific, atomic precision. Whereas x-ray diffraction and related techniques have long been the basis of our detailed understanding of objects on this atomic length scale, they only work with large numbers of identical copies of the structure arranged in regular crystal lattices. Since the invention and early applications of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) it has become increasingly clear that it is possible, at least in principle, to break loose from this requirement of needing a crystalline array. It should be possible to image, probe and manipulate individual structures, one by one, on the nanometer scale. Extensions of the idea of STM to other proximate probes such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) have therefore become a major scientific endeavor worldwide. The common feature of all these methods is that they rely on a direct, physical connection between the macroscopic and nanoscopic realms in the form of a tiny "tip" which is scanned with sub-angstrom precision by piezoelectric devices. Most bulk materials are not chemically stable when elongated into probes of width less than 10 nanometers. However, carbon in the form of a graphine sheet is chemically stable in the form of fullerene balls and tubes even when these are less that 1 nm in diameter. This project is aimed at the general development of fullerne tubes as the tips of proximate probes and manipulators. Fullerene nanotubes will be produced both by currently known techniques using carbon arcs and/or catalytic particles and by new methods presently under development. These involve production o f single- and multi-walled nanotubes by laser vaporization of carbon/metal catalyst composite targets in a quartz tube furnace, and controlled growth of mounted "seed crystal" nanotubes in high electric fields. Mounting techniques will be developed to attach individual nanotubes to sharpened platinum electrodes with good electrical contact and reliable mechanical, chemical stability. Electrical and mechanical properties of the individually mounted nanotubes will be measured, including their ability to serve as efficient antennas at optical frequencies and their Q value when used as a nanoscopic cantilever. ***

小行星9522251 该项目解决了纳米技术的重大挑战之一：学习如何在纳米尺度上成像和操纵单个物体。 利用富勒烯纳米管和线形式的碳网络，该项目旨在开发新一代探针，以化学特定的原子精度将宏观世界与纳米世界联系起来。 虽然X射线衍射和相关技术长期以来一直是我们在原子长度尺度上详细了解物体的基础，但它们只适用于排列在规则晶格中的结构的大量相同副本。 自从扫描隧道显微镜（STM）的发明和早期应用以来，人们越来越清楚地认识到，至少在原则上，打破这种需要晶体阵列的要求是可能的。 应该可以在纳米尺度上逐个成像、探测和操纵单个结构。 因此，将STM的概念扩展到其他近端探针，如原子力显微镜（AFM）和磁力显微镜（MFM），已成为全球范围内的主要科学奋进。 所有这些方法的共同特点是，它们依赖于宏观和纳米领域之间的直接物理连接，其形式为微小的“尖端”，由压电器件以亚埃精度扫描。 当被拉长成宽度小于10纳米的探针时，大多数块状材料在化学上不稳定。 然而，石墨片形式的碳在富勒烯球和管的形式下是化学稳定的，即使当这些球和管的直径小于1 nm时。 本计画旨在发展富勒管作为近端探针及机械手之尖端。 富勒烯纳米管将通过目前已知的使用碳弧和/或催化颗粒的技术以及目前正在开发的新方法来生产。 这些涉及通过在石英管炉中激光蒸发碳/金属催化剂复合靶来生产单壁和多壁纳米管，以及在高电场中控制安装的“籽晶”纳米管的生长。 将开发安装技术，以将单个纳米管连接到具有良好电接触和可靠的机械、化学稳定性的尖锐铂电极上。 将测量单独安装的纳米管的电气和机械性能，包括它们在光频下作为有效天线的能力以及它们在用作纳米级悬臂梁时的Q值。 ***