An Examination of the Dynamic Stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet by Numerical Modeling

通过数值模拟检验南极西部冰盖的动态稳定性

• 批准号: 9527044
• 负责人: Charles Bentley
• 金额: $ 20.5万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-01-15 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9527044&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Examination; Dynamic; Stability; West; Antarctic

9561604 Kendall This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project is involved with the direct electrosynthesis of two types of commercially important, high value-added carbohydrate intermediates. The first transformation to be studied is the oxidative decarboxylation of a sugar acid, as exemplified by conversion of D-gluconic acid (or salts thereof) to D-arabinose. The second transformation is the cleavage of a 1,2-diol to a dicarbonyl compound, as exemplified by the conversion of mannitol diacetonide to 2,3-isopropylidene-D-glyceraldehyde; this reaction is customarily accomplished using sodium periodate, but a direct synthesis would be preferable from both cost and environmental standpoints. Both D-arabinose and isopropylidene glyceraldehyde are important and useful intermediates in their own right, but in order to demonstrate the generality of the processes studied, each process will be extended to another substrate. For each of the specified processes, a number of anode materials will be evaluated in Phase I; in addition, the effects of solvent and pH will be examined. Some small-scale optimization studies will also be carried out on a selected process. Upon successful completion of the Phase I work, Phase II studies would include further optimization and evaluation of the processes in flow cells, as well as extension to other substrates. The availability of clean, efficient methods for the synthesis of aldopentoses and for the cleavage of 1,2-diols will allow for the cost-effective manufacture of a wide range of valuable chemical intermediates. This will provide benefits to the US chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

9561604肯德尔这个小企业创新研究第一阶段项目涉及两种具有重要商业价值、高附加值的碳水化合物中间体的直接电合成。要研究的第一个转化是糖酸的氧化脱羧基，例如D-葡萄糖酸(或其盐)转化为D-阿拉伯糖。第二个转化是1，2-二醇裂解成二酮化合物，例如甘露醇二丙酮醛转化为2，3-异丙叉-D-甘油醛；该反应通常使用高碘酸钠完成，但从成本和环境角度来看，直接合成都是可取的。D-阿拉伯糖和异丙基甘油醛本身都是重要和有用的中间体，但为了展示所研究过程的一般性，每个过程都将扩展到另一种底物。对于每个指定的工艺，将在第一阶段对一些阳极材料进行评估；此外，还将检查溶剂和pH的影响。还将对选定的流程进行一些小规模的优化研究。在第一阶段工作成功完成后，第二阶段研究将包括进一步优化和评估流动池中的工艺，以及推广到其他基质。有了清洁、有效的方法来合成醛固酮和裂解1，2-二醇，将能够以符合成本效益的方式生产各种有价值的化学中间体。这将给美国的化工和制药行业带来好处。