Deep Ocean Ventilation Through Antarctic Intermediate Layers (DOVETAIL)

小行星9528805 拟议的项目是一个多机构的综合研究新形成的底层水从威德尔海流出，并分散到南大西洋。 它建立在早期成功的研究流入的中间水团到东部威德尔海，他们的修改内威德尔环流，并在西部威德尔海与底层水形成过程的相互作用。 这项研究被称为通过南极中间层的深海通风（DOVETAIL），包括水文测量、天然示踪剂实验和建模研究等六个部分。 这项研究将集中在德雷克海峡以东，威德尔海和斯科舍海的水团在威德尔-斯科舍汇流处汇合，并将与德国和西班牙的国家南极计划合作进行。 这项研究有四个相关的目标。 第一是评估汇点威德尔海源沃茨的数量和物理化学特征。 第二个是描述的主导过程与密集的南极沃茨内的威德尔-斯科舍汇合的扩散和下沉。 第三是估计世界海洋的通风率，第四是估计区域海洋运输和水文结构的季节性波动，并评估季节性和年际变化对威德尔海沃茨通风率的可能影响。 深海通风-次表层水团上升到表面，补充大气气体并向大气释放热量-是一种独特的南极现象，通过影响全球二氧化碳储存库和调节南半球季节性海冰的数量和范围，对全球变化产生重大影响。 DOVETAIL的这一部分将对瞬态和稳态示踪剂进行测量，以检查汇流区各种水团的来源、路径和平均停留时间。 氚（氢的同位素）、氦-3、氦-4、碳-14、氧-18和各种氯氟烃将被用来区分汇流水的来源（例如降水、冰川融水、大西洋深层水），以确定它们在地表的平均停留时间，并使用示踪剂分布作为输入来模拟底层水形成过程 *

9528805 Schlosser The propoqed project is a multi-institutional integrated study of the outflow of newly formed bottom water from the Weddell Sea and its dispersion into the South Atlantic Ocean. It builds upon earlier successful studies of the inflow of intermediate water masses into the Eastern Weddell Sea, their modification within the Weddell Gyre, and their interaction with bottom water formation processes in the western Weddell Sea. The study is called Deep Ocean Ventilation Through Antarctic Intermediate Layers (DOVETAIL) and includes six components involving hydrographic measurements, natural tracer experiments, and modeling studies. The study will be centered east of the Drake Passage where water masses from the Weddell Sea and the Scotia Sea come together in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence, and will be carried out in cooperation with the national antarctic programs of Germany and Spain. The study has four related objectives. The first is to assess the quantity and the physical and chemical characteristics of Weddell Sea source waters for the confluence. The second is to describe the dominant processes associated with spreading and sinking of dense antarctic waters within the Weddell-Scotia Confluence. The third is to estimate the ventilation rate of the world ocean, and the fourth is to estimate seasonal fluctuations in the regional ocean transport and hydrographic structure and to assess the likely influence of seasonal to interannual variability on rates of ventilation by Weddell Sea waters. Ventilation of the deep ocean -- the rising of sub-surface water masses to the surface to be recharged with atmospheric gases and to give up heat to the atmosphere -- is a uniquely antarctic phenomenon that has significant consequences for global change by affecting the global reservoir of carbon dioxide, and by modulating the amount and extent of seasonal sea ice in the southern hemisphere. This component of DOVETAIL will make measurem ents on both transient and steady-state tracers to examine the sources, pathways, and average residence times of the various water masses in the confluence region. Tritium (an isotope of hydrogen), helium-3, helium-4, carbon-14, oxygen-18, and various chlorofluorocarbons will be used to differentiate the sources of confluence water (e.g. precipitation, glacial melt water, deep water of Atlantic origin), to determine their average residence times at the surface, and to use the tracer distributions as input to model simulations of the bottom water formation process ***