SCICEX 98 and 99: Tracer Studies of the Large Scale Circulation of the Upper and Intermediate Waters in the Canadian Basin

这个项目是SCICEX计划的一部分，该计划利用美国海军核潜艇作为研究平台。这是北极自然科学计划、海军研究办公室和作战海军的联合科学计划。该项目将分析在SCICEX 98邮轮上收集的样本，并将收集和分析即将到来的SCICEX 99邮轮的样本。科学目标是通过一些化学示踪剂绘制北冰洋表层和盐跃层水域的分布、路径和平均停留时间。这一信息对于我们了解陆架/盆地交换、淡水分布和循环、淡水对上层水域分层稳定性的影响以及来自北极的淡水出口变化对格陵兰、冰岛、挪威和拉布拉多海深水形成的可能影响非常重要。此外，这些数据有助于填补用于模型校准的示踪剂数据库的空白。新的数据将与以前SCICEX和破冰船巡航的示踪剂数据集结合起来，并根据上文概述的本项目的目标进行解释。该项目将提供北冰洋关于地表水循环和淡水平衡的新结果。在SCICEX98巡航期间，研究小组在4个地面站采集了氧同位素、氚、氦同位素和氯氟碳(CFCs)样品。在SCICEX99期间，科学团队将在总共24个螺旋站的每个螺旋站收集10个氧同位素、氦同位素和氚的样本。这10个样本包括8个深度水平和2个重复。将采用一种新的氯氟化碳采样方法(在97巡航期间，潜艇内部使用火焰密封法存在氯氟化碳污染问题)。样本将被收集并储存在铜管中。使用这一新方法，将在5个螺旋式监测站收集50个氟氯化碳样本。此外，还将收集大约200个正在进行的氧同位素样本。对于SCICEX 98和99航次，总共将分析304个氚、304个氦、114个氯氟化碳和500个氧同位素样本。

ABSTRACT9813539SchlosserThis project is part of the SCICEX program, which makes use of U.S. Navy nuclear submarines as a research platform. This is a joint science program between the Arctic Natural Sciences Program, the Office of Naval Research and the operational Navy. This project will analyze samples collected on the SCICEX 98 cruise and will collect and analyze samples from the upcoming SCICEX 99 cruise. The scientific goal is to map the distribution, pathways, and mean residence times of the surface and halocline waters of the Arctic Ocean by means of a number of chemical tracers. This information is important for our understanding of the shelf/basin exchange, the freshwater distribution and circulation, the impact of freshwater on the stability of the stratification of the upper waters, and the possible effect of variability in the freshwater exportfrom the Arctic on deep-water formation in the Greenland, Iceland, Norwegian (GIN) and Labrador seas. Additionally, these data contribute to filling the gaps in the tracer database used for model calibration. The new data will be combined with tracer data sets from previous SCICEX and icebreaker cruises and interpreted in terms of the goals of this project outlined above. This project will provide new results from the Arctic Ocean on the surface water circulation and freshwater balance.During the SCICEX 98 cruise the team collected 64 oxygen isotope, 64 tritium, 64 helium isotope, and 64 chloroflurocarbon (CFC) samples at 4 surface stations. During SCICEX 99, the science team will collect 10 samples per spiral station for oxygen isotopes, helium isotopes and tritium at a total of 24 spirals stations. The ten samples include 8 depth levels plus 2 replicates. A new sampling method will be applied for CFCs (there were problems with CFC contaminationusing the flame sealing method in the interior of the submarine during the 97 cruise). The samples will be collected and stored in copper tubes. Using this new method, 50 CFC samples will be collected at 5 of the spiral stations. Additionally, about 200 underway oxygen isotopesamples will be collected. For both the SCICEX 98 and 99 cruises a total of 304 tritium, 304 helium isotope, 114 CFC, and 500 oxygen isotope samples will be analyzed.