Warm Water Entry and Transformation Within the Subpolar North Atlantic

9529584 Talley 在该项目中，来自伍兹霍尔和斯克里普斯的 PI 将进行水文巡航，涵盖格陵兰岛和亚速尔群岛之间的北大西洋副极地环流 (SPG) 的大部分区域。 水文学将构成更大规模的 SPG 环流研究的基础，其中自主的地下浮标将在两年内监测地下水流以及上层温度和盐度结构。 第一部分将于 1996 年秋季投入使用，其中将部署浮标，并使用船上声学多普勒海流剖面仪监测海流。 第二部分将于 1997 年春季投入使用，其中将包括一整套化学示踪剂，以评估冬季混合的影响。 主要目标是研究冬季较厚的上层相对温暖的海水的转变，描述这种转变如何嵌入北大西洋洋流和SPG的大气环流中，并检查从北大西洋洋流向东流动的副热带水进入SPG的分支。 通过与历史数据的比较，还将关注上层和中层水域进入深层溢流的夹带、北大西洋副极地中层和深层水域的再循环以及整个副极地地区的年代际变化分布。

9529584 Talley In this project PIs from Woods Hole and Scripps will carry out hydrographic cruises enclosing a large portion of the North Atlantic Sub Polar Gyre (SPG) between Greenland and the Azores. The hydrography will form the base of a much larger study of the circulation of the SPG, in which autonomous, subsurface floats will monitor both subsurface currents and the upper layer temperature and salinity structure over a two-year period. The first section will be occupied during the fall of 1996, in which floats will be deployed, and currents will be monitored using shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers. The second section will be occupied in the Spring of 1997, and will include a full suite of chemical tracers to assess the effects of winter time mixing. The principal goals are to study the transformation of the thick upper layer of relatively warm water over the course of the winter, to describe how that transformation is embedded in the general circulation of the North Atlantic Current and SPG, and to examine the branching of eastward flowing subtropical water from the North Atlantic Current into the SPG. Attention will also be paid to entrainment of upper and intermediate waters into deep overflows, the recirculation of intermediate and deep waters in the subpolar North Atlantic and the distribution of decadal changes throughout the subpolar region by comparison with historic data.