Collaborative Research: US GO-SHIP 2021-2026 Repeat Hydrography, Carbon and Tracers

合作研究：US GO-SHIP 2021-2026 重复水文学、碳和示踪剂

• 批准号: 2023545
• 负责人: Lynne Talley
• 金额: $ 1035.44万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2028-02-29
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2023545&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; US; GO; SHIP

The Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) is a systematic re-occupation of key global hydrographic sections that began in 2003. The sections span all ocean basins and reach full ocean depth, with physical and chemical measurements of the highest ‘reference standard’ accuracy. This level of data quality is attainable only with research ships for the foreseeable future. The U.S. GO-SHIP program is a major contributor to international GO-SHIP, designed to monitor the ocean's response to climate change as part of the World Climate Research Programme’s Global Ocean Observing System. This grant will extend this unique climate data set over the next six years. The new hydrographic data sets collected by U.S. GO-SHIP will contribute to overlapping scientific and technical objectives related to: 1) heat/freshwater storage and flux; 2) carbon system and biogeochemical studies; 3) water mass ventilation; 4) model calibration, validation, and state estimation; and 5) autonomous sensor calibration, including Core (2000 m T, S), Deep, and Biogeochemical Argo profiling floats. Building on observations first made in the 1990's, this program has been critical to developing our understanding of ocean-related climate changes including: warming of the abyssal ocean that takes up ~10% of the Earth's excess heat; changes in circulation and ventilation; increasing anthropogenic carbon uptake and its impact on global carbon budgets and acidification; declining oxygen concentrations; and expansion of oxygen minimum zones. The U.S. GO-SHIP open data policy has resulted in rapid, widespread availability and use of data. The program benefits society as it is the only globally available source of information about changes in the deep (2000m) ocean. The data will continue to be a resource for climate model validation. Outreach for U.S. GO-SHIP data collection (cruise-based) and synthesis will extend data usefulness and public awareness. The program will continue to promote and expand scientific and leadership training for graduate students, postdoctoral scientists, and early career scientists. Funds are budgeted for graduate students, postdocs, and young scientists to participate in each cruise, and for an annual postdoc program to entrain young scientists in use of these invaluable observations.Fourteen research cruises during the period 2021-2026 are planned, with the continuing objective of systematically quantifying global-scale changes in storage and transport of heat, freshwater, carbon, oxygen, nutrients, and related parameters. Nine cruises will be led by NSF/UNOLS, four by NOAA, and one will be joint. Included measurements are: hydrographic/physical (CTDO2, salinity, oxygen, nutrients, U, V and W from LADCP, U and V from underway ADCP, underway T and S, meteorology, bathymetry), carbon system (DIC, pCO2, TAlk, pH, DOC, TDN, underway pCO2), and transient tracers (CFCs, SF6). U.S. GO-SHIP will continue to cooperate with separately funded investigators: examples include measurement of 14C, Fe/trace metals, 3H/3He; microstructure turbulence measurements, as well as floats and drifters. This grant includes funds to collect data and perform quality control to achieve reference quality, with limited synthesis through support of postdoctoral researchers. Data will be released using the successful approach in place since 2003, with a stringent data policy of rapid and open dissemination, including transfer to recognized data centers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

全球海洋船基水文调查方案(GO-SHIP)是对2003年开始的全球主要水文区段的有系统的重新占领。这些剖面横跨所有大洋盆地，达到完整的海洋深度，物理和化学测量具有最高的“参考标准”精度。只有在可预见的未来，考察船才能达到这种水平的数据质量。美国的GO-SHIP计划是国际GO-SHIP计划的主要贡献者，该计划旨在监测海洋对气候变化的反应，作为世界气候研究计划的全球海洋观测系统的一部分。这笔赠款将在未来六年内延长这一独特的气候数据集。美国GO-SHIP收集的新水文数据集将有助于实现与以下相关的重叠科学和技术目标：1)热/淡水存储和通量；2)碳系统和生物地球化学研究；3)水团通风；4)模型校准、验证和状态估计；以及5)自主传感器校准，包括CORE(2000吨，S)、深度和生物地球化学ARGO剖面浮标。基于上世纪90年代“S”所做的首次观测，该计划对于加深我们对与海洋有关的气候变化的理解至关重要，这些气候变化包括：占地球过剩热量约10%的深海变暖；环流和通风的变化；人类碳吸收增加及其对全球碳收支和酸化的影响；氧气浓度下降；以及氧气最小区域的扩大。美国的Go-Ship开放数据政策导致了数据的快速、广泛获得和使用。该项目有益于社会，因为它是全球唯一可获得的关于深海(2000米)变化的信息来源。这些数据将继续作为气候模型验证的资源。对美国Go-Ship数据收集(基于巡航)和综合的推广将扩大数据的有用性和公众意识。该计划将继续促进和扩大对研究生、博士后科学家和早期职业科学家的科学和领导力培训。基金预算用于研究生、博士后和年轻科学家参加每一次巡航，并用于年度博士后项目，以吸引年轻科学家使用这些宝贵的观测。计划在2021-2026年期间进行14次研究巡航，其持续目标是系统量化全球范围内热量、淡水、碳、氧、营养物质和相关参数的储存和运输变化。九次巡航将由NSF/UNLS领导，四次由NOAA领导，一次将由联合进行。包括的测量包括：水文/物理(CTDO2、盐度、氧气、营养物、来自LADCP的U、V和W、来自在航ADCP的U、V和V、在航T和S、气象、水深测量)、碳系(DIC、二氧化碳、Talk、pH、DOC、TdN、在航PCO2)和瞬变示踪剂(CFCs、SF6)。美国GO-SHIP将继续与单独资助的调查人员合作：例如14C、Fe/痕量金属、~3H/3He的测量；微观结构湍流测量，以及漂浮物和漂浮物。这笔赠款包括收集数据和执行质量控制以实现参考质量的资金，通过博士后研究人员的支持进行有限的综合。数据的发布将采用2003年以来的成功方法，以及快速和公开传播的严格数据政策，包括传输到公认的数据中心。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Annually Resolved Propagation of CFCs and SF 6 in the Global Ocean Over Eight Decades

八年来每年解决全球海洋中 CFC 和 SF 6 的扩散问题

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jc019337
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
• 作者: Cimoli, Laura;Gebbie, Geoffrey;Purkey, Sarah G.;Smethie, William M.
• 通讯作者: Smethie, William M.