IAI Workshop: Landscape Fragmentation Effects on Faunal Biodiversity in the Americas

IAI 研讨会：景观破碎化对美洲动物生物多样性的影响

• 批准号: 9529872
• 负责人: Gay Bradshaw
• 金额: $ 4.74万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-06-15 至 1999-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9529872&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IAI; Workshop; Landscape; Fragmentation; Effects

9529872 Bradshaw This workshop has been designed to address several key issues proposed by the IAI Biodiversity and Temperate Terrestrial Ecosystems focus areas. The central goal is to understand fragmentation effects on biodiversity as driven by human land-use patterns and climate change interacting with natural landscape heterogeneity. The workshop will discuss the following topics: the effects of landscape alteration and fragmentation patterns on faunal biodiversity; underlying processes influencing landscape patterns and resultant faunal responses; interactions and trends in human land development and conservation; and the evaluation of common, effective adaptable metrics to capture change. Comparisons will include effects of major land -use activities among various ecosystems leading to an IAI Start-Up Grants Phase II proposal. The workshop seeks to identify common principles and methods of assessment as well as understanding the limits of their application to specific biomes. Although the workshop will focus on terrestrial systems, the intent is to contribute insight across ecosystems, and it seeks to complement other time-space issues of connectivity faced by aquatic and marine scientists. In the development of a conceptual common ground, the PIs seek to coordinate technical communication by collating extant GIS, remotely sensed imagery and tabular databases which are all necessary for effecting consistent comparisons between systems. The multiple-scale approach to be used by this proposal facilitates linkages with climate change and economic-ecological models. %%% This workshop has been designed to address several key issues proposed by the IAI Biodiversity and Temperate Terrestrial Ecosystems focus areas. The central goal is to understand fragmentation effects on biodiversity as driven by human land-use patterns and climate change interacting with natural landscape heterogeneity. The workshop will discuss the following topics: the effects of landscape alteration and fra gmentation patterns on faunal biodiversity; underlying processes influencing landscape patterns and resultant faunal responses; interactions and trends in human land development and conservation; and the evaluation of common, effective adaptable metrics to capture change. Comparisons will include effects of major land-use activities among various ecosystems leading to an IAI Start-Up Grants Phase II proposal. Land conversions, deforestation, and landscape alteration are processes which increasingly concern scientists and resource managers in southern and northern hemispheres. One of the chief issues relating to these land changes has been the loss of faunal habitat and the drop in biodiversity. These declines have occurred because of both direct and causes of mortality. Despite the current scientific discussion concerning measures and approaches to reducing the rate of decline of biodiversity, the transferability of present monitoring and conservation plans among biomes remains largely untested. The Americas provide an opportunity to compare relationships between human-generated landscape patterns and faunal patterns among quite different systems. Many nations in this region seek to accommodate pressures of human development while retaining indigenous flora and fauna. The similarities and differences in geologic and climate history, biotic evolution and human land-use patterns found in the two continents provide the opportunity for a coordinated effort to understand the issues of land alteration and biodiversity variability. This proposal involves the following countries: Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador, Mexico; Paraguay; and the United States. These countries are Member States of the IAI, an initiative to stimulate cooperative research on global change issues in the Americas. The National Science Foundation is the designated U.S. Government agency for carrying out U.S. responsibilities within the IAI. ***

本次研讨会旨在解决IAI生物多样性和温带陆地生态系统重点领域提出的几个关键问题。研究的中心目标是了解人类土地利用模式和气候变化与自然景观异质性相互作用对生物多样性造成的破碎化效应。研讨会将讨论以下主题：景观改变和破碎化模式对动物生物多样性的影响；影响景观格局和由此产生的动物反应的潜在过程；人类土地开发和保护的相互作用和趋势；以及对通用的、有效的、可适应的度量标准的评估，以捕获变化。比较将包括导致IAI启动资助第二阶段提案的各种生态系统之间主要土地利用活动的影响。讲习班旨在确定评估的共同原则和方法，并了解其应用于特定生物群系的局限性。虽然研讨会将重点关注陆地系统，但其目的是提供跨生态系统的见解，并寻求补充水生和海洋科学家面临的其他时空连通性问题。在发展概念上的共同基础时，项目专员设法通过整理现有的地理信息系统、遥感图像和表格数据库来协调技术交流，这些都是在系统之间进行一致比较所必需的。本提案使用的多尺度方法促进了与气候变化和经济生态模型的联系。本次研讨会旨在解决IAI生物多样性和温带陆地生态系统重点领域提出的几个关键问题。研究的中心目标是了解人类土地利用模式和气候变化与自然景观异质性相互作用对生物多样性造成的破碎化效应。研讨会将讨论以下主题：景观变化和物种分化模式对动物多样性的影响；影响景观格局和由此产生的动物反应的潜在过程；人类土地开发和保护的相互作用和趋势；以及对通用的、有效的、可适应的度量标准的评估，以捕获变化。比较将包括各种生态系统之间主要土地利用活动的影响，从而形成IAI启动资助第二阶段提案。土地转换、森林砍伐和景观改变是南半球和北半球科学家和资源管理者日益关注的过程。与这些土地变化有关的主要问题之一是动物栖息地的丧失和生物多样性的下降。这些下降是由于直接死亡和死亡原因造成的。尽管目前科学界正在讨论减少生物多样性下降速度的措施和方法，但目前监测和保护计划在生物群落之间的可转移性在很大程度上仍未经检验。美洲提供了一个机会来比较在完全不同的系统中人类产生的景观模式和动物模式之间的关系。该地区的许多国家设法在保留本地动植物的同时适应人类发展的压力。这两个大陆在地质和气候历史、生物进化和人类土地利用模式方面的异同为协调努力了解土地变化和生物多样性变化问题提供了机会。这项建议涉及下列国家：阿根廷；玻利维亚;巴西;智利;哥伦比亚;厄瓜多尔、墨西哥;巴拉圭;和美国。这些国家是美洲全球变化研究倡议的会员国，这是一项促进美洲就全球变化问题进行合作研究的倡议。美国国家科学基金会是美国政府指定的机构，负责履行美国在IAI中的职责。＊＊＊