IAI Workshop: Landscape Fragmentation Effects on Faunal Biodiversity in the Americas

9529872布拉德肖该研讨会旨在解决国际生物多样性研究所生物多样性和温带陆地生态系统重点领域提出的几个关键问题。中心目标是了解人类土地利用模式和气候变化与自然景观异质性相互作用对生物多样性的碎片化影响。讲习班将讨论以下专题：景观变化和破碎化格局对动物群生物多样性的影响；影响景观格局和由此产生的动物群反应的基本过程；人类土地开发和养护中的相互作用和趋势；以及对捕捉变化的共同、有效的适应性衡量标准的评价。比较将包括不同生态系统之间主要土地利用活动的影响，从而导致IAI启动赠款第二阶段提案。讲习班力求确定评估的共同原则和方法，并了解将其应用于具体生物群落的限制。尽管研讨会的重点将是陆地系统，但其目的是提供对生态系统的洞察力，并寻求补充水生和海洋科学家面临的其他时空连通性问题。在形成概念上的共同点时，采购主管试图通过整理现有的地理信息系统、遥感图像和表格数据库来协调技术交流，这些都是在系统之间进行一致比较所必需的。该提案将采用的多尺度办法促进了与气候变化和经济-生态模型的联系。%本研讨会旨在讨论IAI生物多样性和温带陆地生态系统重点领域提出的几个关键问题。中心目标是了解人类土地利用模式和气候变化与自然景观异质性相互作用对生物多样性的碎片化影响。研讨会将讨论以下专题：景观变化和变化模式对动物群生物多样性的影响；影响景观格局和由此产生的动物群反应的基本过程；人类土地开发和养护中的相互作用和趋势；以及对捕捉变化的共同、有效的适应性指标的评估。比较将包括不同生态系统之间主要土地利用活动的影响，从而导致IAI启动赠款第二阶段提案。土地转换、森林砍伐和景观变化是南半球和北半球的科学家和资源管理者日益关注的过程。与这些土地变化有关的主要问题之一是动物栖息地的丧失和生物多样性的下降。这些下降是由于死亡的直接原因和原因造成的。尽管目前正在就减少生物多样性下降速度的措施和方法进行科学讨论，但目前的监测和保护计划在生物群落之间的可转移性在很大程度上仍未得到检验。美洲提供了一个机会，可以比较完全不同系统中人类生成的景观格局和动物群格局之间的关系。该区域的许多国家寻求在保留本土动植物的同时适应人类发展的压力。在这两个大陆发现的地质和气候历史、生物进化和人类土地利用模式的相似和不同，为协调努力了解土地变化和生物多样性变化问题提供了机会。该提案涉及下列国家：阿根廷、玻利维亚、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、墨西哥、巴拉圭和美国。这些国家是IAI的成员国，IAI是一项旨在鼓励美洲就全球变化问题进行合作研究的倡议。国家科学基金会是指定的美国政府机构，负责履行美国在IAI内的职责。***

9529872 Bradshaw This workshop has been designed to address several key issues proposed by the IAI Biodiversity and Temperate Terrestrial Ecosystems focus areas. The central goal is to understand fragmentation effects on biodiversity as driven by human land-use patterns and climate change interacting with natural landscape heterogeneity. The workshop will discuss the following topics: the effects of landscape alteration and fragmentation patterns on faunal biodiversity; underlying processes influencing landscape patterns and resultant faunal responses; interactions and trends in human land development and conservation; and the evaluation of common, effective adaptable metrics to capture change. Comparisons will include effects of major land -use activities among various ecosystems leading to an IAI Start-Up Grants Phase II proposal. The workshop seeks to identify common principles and methods of assessment as well as understanding the limits of their application to specific biomes. Although the workshop will focus on terrestrial systems, the intent is to contribute insight across ecosystems, and it seeks to complement other time-space issues of connectivity faced by aquatic and marine scientists. In the development of a conceptual common ground, the PIs seek to coordinate technical communication by collating extant GIS, remotely sensed imagery and tabular databases which are all necessary for effecting consistent comparisons between systems. The multiple-scale approach to be used by this proposal facilitates linkages with climate change and economic-ecological models. %%% This workshop has been designed to address several key issues proposed by the IAI Biodiversity and Temperate Terrestrial Ecosystems focus areas. The central goal is to understand fragmentation effects on biodiversity as driven by human land-use patterns and climate change interacting with natural landscape heterogeneity. The workshop will discuss the following topics: the effects of landscape alteration and fra gmentation patterns on faunal biodiversity; underlying processes influencing landscape patterns and resultant faunal responses; interactions and trends in human land development and conservation; and the evaluation of common, effective adaptable metrics to capture change. Comparisons will include effects of major land-use activities among various ecosystems leading to an IAI Start-Up Grants Phase II proposal. Land conversions, deforestation, and landscape alteration are processes which increasingly concern scientists and resource managers in southern and northern hemispheres. One of the chief issues relating to these land changes has been the loss of faunal habitat and the drop in biodiversity. These declines have occurred because of both direct and causes of mortality. Despite the current scientific discussion concerning measures and approaches to reducing the rate of decline of biodiversity, the transferability of present monitoring and conservation plans among biomes remains largely untested. The Americas provide an opportunity to compare relationships between human-generated landscape patterns and faunal patterns among quite different systems. Many nations in this region seek to accommodate pressures of human development while retaining indigenous flora and fauna. The similarities and differences in geologic and climate history, biotic evolution and human land-use patterns found in the two continents provide the opportunity for a coordinated effort to understand the issues of land alteration and biodiversity variability. This proposal involves the following countries: Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador, Mexico; Paraguay; and the United States. These countries are Member States of the IAI, an initiative to stimulate cooperative research on global change issues in the Americas. The National Science Foundation is the designated U.S. Government agency for carrying out U.S. responsibilities within the IAI. ***