IAI Workshop: Biogeochemical Consequences of Land Use Change in the Amazon Basin

9529836 Melillo这些研讨会将讨论的第一个主要研究问题是量化亚马逊盆地西南部过去和现在的农业用地面积，以及大型和小型农场的农业使用模式。 重点将是亚马逊盆地西南部各州的主要农业土地利用面积（牧场、中耕作物和小型农场刀耕火种）、这些面积在大型和小型农场上的变化以及这些地区的变化。过去三十年来。 第二个主要问题是量化亚马逊盆地西南部主要土地利用的生态地球化学后果。 重点将是各种农业土地利用如何影响亚马逊盆地西南部的碳和养分循环，以及这些土壤肥力和农业可持续性影响的后果，以及区域和全球生物地球化学。 为解决上述问题，项目负责人确定了两项任务;任务1是研讨会;任务2是实地考察和研讨会。 任务1将邀请来自巴西和美国科学界的13名科学家参加研讨会，并将重点邀请来自亚马逊流域地区的科学家。 这些科学家也是任务2的参与科学家。 任务2将侧重于主要土地覆被和土地利用转换对地球化学循环的影响。 讲习班的结构旨在使各个分组能够确定和概述将作为IAI第二阶段提案提交的提案。 %本提案中的两个研讨会将促进IAI启动赠款计划第二阶段提案的准备。 第二阶段提案的目标是，对已清除的热带森林土地进行生物地球化学改变，并控制土壤肥力和种植或放牧系统的可持续性。 由于这些受影响的地区很大，养分和有机物循环的变化也有可能影响区域和全球元素循环。 这项建议将由来自马萨诸塞州伍兹霍尔海洋生物实验室生态系统中心和巴西皮拉西卡巴圣保罗大学能源中心的科学家共同管理。 这项合作结合了美国和巴西两个非常活跃的全球变化地球化学研究机构的优势。 MBL和CENA目前联合开展研究，研究巴西亚马逊西南部Rond nia州森林砍伐对碳和氮循环的影响，并合作赞助了巴西的几个研讨会。 MBL与CENA的合作于1992年正式确定，MBL与圣保罗大学之间通过了正式的研究协议。 此外，该项目将在促使亚马孙流域内的科学界参与研究土地使用变化的模式及其对国际地球化学的影响方面取得重大进展。 这一目标对美洲全球变化研究所（IAI）的科学议程很重要，美国和巴西都是IAI的成员国，IAI是美国的一项倡议，旨在促进美洲科学机构之间对全球变化问题的合作研究。 美国国家科学基金会是美国政府指定的机构，在IAI内履行美国的职责。

9529836 Melillo The first major research issue which will be addressed by these workshops is the quantification of the areal extent of agricultural land in the southwestern Amazon Basin, past and present, and the patterns of agricultural use on large and small farms. The focus will be on what area the dominant agricultural land-uses occupy (pasture, row crops and small farm slash and burn) in the southwestern states of the Amazon Basin, how these areas vary on large and small farms, and how these areas have changed over the past thirty years. The second major issue is the quantification of the biogeochemical consequences of the dominant land uses in the southwestern Amazon Basin. The focus will be on how various agricultural land uses affect the cycling of carbon and nutrients in the southwestern Amazon Basin, and what are the consequences of these effects of soil fertility and the sustainability of agriculture, and for regional and global biogeochemistry. To address the above mentioned issues and questions, the PIs have established two tasks; Task 1 is a workshop; and Task 2 is a field trip and a workshop. Task 1 will involve a total of thirteen scientists for the workshop from the Brazilian and US scientific communities, and will emphasize inviting scientists from the Amazon Basin region. These scientists are also the participating scientists for Task 2. Task 2 will focus on the effects of the dominant land cover and land use conversion on biogeochemical cycles. The workshop structure is designed to enable individual subgroups to identify and outline proposals to be submitted as an IAI Phase II proposal. %%% The two workshops in this proposal will facilitate the preparation of proposals for Phase II of the IAI Start-Up Grants program. The objective of the Phase II proposal is that biogeochemical modification of cleared tropical forest lands and their consequences that control soil fertility and the sustainability of cropping or pasture systems. Because these areas affected are large, changes to nutrient and organic matter cycles also have the potential to influence regional and global element cycles. This proposal will be jointly administered by scientists from the Ecosystems Center of the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and the Centro de Energia na Agricultura (CENA) of the University of S o Paulo in Piracicaba, Brazil. This collaboration combines the strengths of two very active institutions for research on the biogeochemistry of global change in the United States and in Brazil. MBL and CENA currently jointly conduct research that examines the effects of forest clearing for pasture on carbon and nitrogen cycling in the State of Rond nia in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, and have collaborated in the sponsorship of several workshops in Brazil. The MBL-CENA collaboration was formalized in 1992 with the adoption of a formal research agreement between the MBL and the University of S o Paulo. In addition, this project will make significant progress toward involving the scientific community inside the Amazon Basin in studying patterns of land use change and their consequences for biogeochemistry at the international level. This goal is important to the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) science agenda, and both the United States and Brazil are Member States of the IAI, a U.S. initiative to stimulate cooperative research on global change issues among the scientific institutions of the Americas. The National Science Foundation is the U.S. Government agency designated to carry out U.S. responsibilities within the IAI.