Measurement of Combustion Effluent Aerosols from the South Pole Station

摘要：南极洲的人为活动有可能对原始环境产生当代和长期的环境影响。其中一种影响来自用于支持南极行动的柴油发电机和车辆排放的“黑色”或“元素”碳质气溶胶。当这种污染物沉积在冰雪覆盖层上时，可以无限期地保存下来。它的高光吸收会改变表面反照率和表面覆盖物的辐射特性。它催化促进某些化学反应的能力可能导致冰雪化学的改变。其吸收的燃料衍生有机物种如多环芳烃和其他有毒物质可能对边缘生物群和沿海站附近产生有害影响。先前的工作表明，极少量但可检测到的黑碳气溶胶在背景大气中被带到南极站，其数量与远程输送模式一致；然而，该计划于1990年终止。1986年对地面冰雪的一项研究显示，该站顺风处有一缕清晰的烟灰。该项目建议在南极站的逆风和顺风处安装更多的现代化设备，以重新建立本底气溶胶测量值，并提供对南极站排放的直接评估。这项工作的结果将有助于确定该站因燃烧产生的排放物对环境的影响。这些信息可作为缓解和减少战略的投入。逆风数据将有助于全球监测记录，并有助于评估能够影响大气光学和化学的人为排放的全球环流。

Abstract Anthropogenic activities in Antarctica have the potential of producing both contemporaneous and long-term environmental impacts on pristine surroundings. One of these impacts arises from the emission of "black" or "elemental" carbonaceous aerosols from the exhaust of diesel-powered generators and vehicles used to support Antarctic operations. When deposited on the snow and ice cover, this pollutant may be preserved indefinitely. Its high optical absorption will alter the surface albedo and the radiative properties of surface cover. Its ability to catlytically promote certain chemical reactions may lead to modifications of snow and ice chemistry. Its absorbed content of fuel-derived organic species such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other toxics may have a deleterious effect on marginal biota and near coastal stations. Previous work showed that extremely small, but detectable, concentrations of black carbon aerosol are brought to the South Pole station in the background atmosphere in amounts consistent with models of long- range transport; however, this program terminated in 1990. A 1986 study of surface snow and ice showed a clear plume of soot description downwind of the station. This project proposes to install more modern equipment both upwind and downwind of the South Pole station to re-establish the background aerosol measurements and to provide a direct assessment of the station's emissions. The results of this work will contribute to the determination of the station's environmental impact resulting from combustion-derived emissions. This information may be used as input to mitigation and abatement strategies. The upwind data will contribute to the global monitoring record, and to assessments of the global circulation of anthropogenic emissions capable of influencing atmospheric optics and chemistry.