Relativistic Nuclear Few- and Many-Body Problems

半个世纪以来，理论核物理学中最基本的挑战之一是根据核子（质子和中子）之间的基本力来理解原子核的性质。尽管过去取得了进步，但我们目前的认识仍有许多差距和不足。这是该项目的目的是实质性地推进这一领域的微观核结构。一是完善基本核力理论——两个核子相互作用理论。我们将开发更多的定量核势，作为核结构微观计算的可靠输入。此外，我们还将改进核力模型的基础：它必须基于强相互作用的基本理论、量子色动力学（QCD）和爱因斯坦的相对论。我们方案的第二个垫脚石是三核子问题，它可以被精确地解决。我们提出的研究的最后一步是核物质——构成原子核的物质。一个热点问题是两个核子之间的相互作用在核物质环境中如何变化的问题。这一信息对于涉及重核（重离子碰撞）的核反应理论是重要的。

One of the most fundamental challenges pervading theoretical nuclear physics for half a century is to understand the properties of atomic nuclei in terms of the basic forces between nucleons (protons and neutrons). In spite of the progress made in the past, our present understanding still has many gaps and deficiencies. It is the purpose of this project to substantially advance this field of microscopic nuclear structure. First, we will improve the theory of the basic nuclear force--the interaction between two nucleons. We will develop more quantitative nuclear potentials, which can serve as reliable input for microscopic nuclear structure calculations. Moreover, we will also improve the foundation of the nuclear force model: it must be based upon the fundamental theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and the theory of relativity of Albert Einstein. The second stepping stone in our program is the three nucleon problem which can be solved exactly. The final step in our proposed research is nuclear matter--the stuff that atomic nuclei are made of. A topical issue is the question of how the interaction between two nucleons changes in the nuclear matter environment. This information is important for the theory of nuclear reactions involving heavy nuclei (heavy ion collisions).