Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX)

9612890瓦莱罗印度洋实验(INDOEX)是一项由法国、德国、印度、荷兰和美国参与的国际野外实验。美国部分下的主要工作重点是评估硫酸盐和其他大陆气溶胶在全球辐射强迫中的作用，并得到能源部和国家科学基金会的联合支持。此外，其他联邦机构和其他国际伙伴的科学家将进行涉及各种相关化学和辐射过程调查的补充性研究。综合观测系统包括从船舶到飞机的各种平台，以及地面和气球测量系统以及卫星数据。三年工作的主要部分将是从1999年1月开始的为期四个月的密集实地阶段。该计划的最终目标是更好地了解十年和更长时间尺度的气候强迫。东北冬季季风季的赤道印度洋为这项实验提供了一个独特的天然实验室。实验区可能是世界上唯一一个被来自北半球的大陆气溶胶、人为痕量物种及其反应产物(如硫酸盐和臭氧)的强烈来源所改变的气团在热带辐合区与南半球原始空气接触的地方，南半球原始空气是通过跨赤道季风气流输送的。这两个非常不同的气团并列在一起，将使我们能够彻底检查气溶胶对大气辐射特性的直接和间接影响。瓦莱罗博士在INDOEX中的作用是通过提供对光谱辐射通量、光谱光学厚度和宽带辐照度的空中直接观测来量化气溶胶的辐射效应。这些信息，连同在实验期间将获得的其他观察结果，将为评估气溶胶对气候的潜在影响提供一种手段。

9612890 Valero The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) is an international field experiment with participation from France, Germany, India, the Netherlands, and the United States. The main effort under the U.S. component focuses on assessing the role of sulfates and other continental aerosols in global radiative forcing and is being supported jointly by the Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. In addition, complementary studies involving investigations of a variety of related chemical and radiative processes will be undertaken by scientists from other federal agencies and other international partners. The composite observing system consists of a wide range of platforms, from ships to aircraft, as well as surface-based and balloon measuring systems, and satellite data. The main part of the three year effort will be a four-month intensive field phase which begins January 1999. The ultimate goal of this program is to obtain a better understanding of the decadal and longer time scale climate forcing. The equatorial Indian Ocean during the northeast winter monsoon season provides a unique natural laboratory for this experiment. The experimental area is probably the only place in the world where an air mass which has been modified by intense sources of continental aerosols, anthropogenic trace species, and their reaction products (e.g., sulfates and ozone) from the northern hemisphere comes into contact with the pristine air of the southern hemisphere, which has been transported via cross equatorial monsoonal flow, at the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The juxtaposition of these two very distinct air masses will allow a thorough examination of both the direct and indirect effects of the aerosols on the radiative properties of the atmosphere. Dr. Valero's role in INDOEX is to quantify the radiative effects of aerosols by providing airborne, direct observations of spectral radiative fluxes, spectral optical depths and broadband irradiances. This information , together with other observations that will be obtained during the experiment, will provide a means of evaluating the potential impact of aerosols on the climate.