Empirical Studies of Bidding and Entry

招标与进入的实证研究

• 批准号: 9617599
• 负责人: Robert Porter
• 金额: $ 13.63万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-15 至 1999-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9617599&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Empirical; Studies; Bidding; Entry

This is a project of empirical research in industrial organization. It consists of three components. The first and third are joint with Ken Hendricks of the University of British Columbia. We analyze a data set that we have assembled for the federal offshore oil and gas lease sales in the Gulf of Mexico from 1954 through 1990. We also develop and analyze a new data set on small business entry and evolution in Canada. The second component is joint with Doug Zona of National Economic Research Associates; we analyze bid rigging in procurement auctions. The first component consists of a study of joint bidding for federal offshore wildcat tracts. More than half of the bids submitted are joint, and in 1975 Congress banned joint bids involving two or more of eight large oil companies. The goal of our research is to determine the role played by joint bids, and whether the ban should have been more or less extensive. Joint bids may foster entry and competition, by pooling capital or information or by spreading risk, but they may have anti-competitive effects by allowing firms to agree to bid less aggressively. This research presents models and results designed to discriminate between these alternative explanations, in order to inform policy decisions. This component is potentially informative for public policy towards research and development, because joint bids are similar to research joint ventures. The second component is joint with Doug Zona. We have obtained an extensive panel data set on annual school milk procurement auctions in Ohio. There is an ongoing antitrust investigation alleging collusion among some of the potential bidders. The purpose of our research is to determine whether these allegations have any empirical validity, and, if so, what the consequences were in terms of excess prices paid by the school districts. The proposed work describes the incidence and characteristics of bid rigging. We study the effect of mergers and plant closings on the patterns of bid submissions, as well as the level of submitted bids. The empirical techniques employed differ from those used for different auctions, as bid rigging schemes depend on the auction rules and the nature of the goods being sold, and because more detailed data on the contracts and on the bidders are available. The general research issue is whether bid rigging schemes can be detected from publicly available data. The third component is also joint with Ken Hendricks. Together with a research team at U.B.C. headed by Raffi Amit, we assemble a longitudinal data base at Statistics Canada that merges employment and tax records for all small business start-ups between 1983 and 1993. The data set allows us to analyze the determinants of small business entry, growth and exit in some detail; this research complements and extends recent analysis of U.S. data sets.

这是一个产业组织实证研究项目。 它由三个部分组成。 第一个和第三个是与不列颠哥伦比亚省大学的肯·亨德里克斯联合进行的。 我们分析了一个数据集，我们已经收集了联邦海上石油和天然气租赁销售在墨西哥湾从1954年到1990年。 我们还开发和分析了一个新的数据集在加拿大的小企业进入和演变。 第二部分是与国家经济研究协会的道格·佐纳联合进行的;我们分析了采购拍卖中的操纵投标。 第一个组成部分包括对联邦近海野猫油田联合投标的研究。 超过一半的投标是联合投标，1975年，国会禁止八家大型石油公司中的两家或两家以上联合投标。 我们研究的目的是确定联合投标所起的作用，以及禁令是否应该更广泛或更广泛。联合投标可以通过汇集资本或信息或分散风险来促进进入和竞争，但也可能由于允许公司同意不那么积极地投标而产生反竞争的影响。 本研究提出了旨在区分这些替代解释的模型和结果，以便为政策决策提供信息。 这一部分可能有助于制定关于研究和开发的公共政策，因为联合投标类似于研究合资企业。 第二部分是与道格佐纳联合。 我们已经获得了广泛的面板数据集在俄亥俄州的年度学校牛奶采购拍卖。目前正在进行一项反垄断调查，指控一些潜在的竞购者相互勾结。 我们研究的目的是确定这些指控是否有任何经验的有效性，如果是的话，学区支付的超额价格的后果是什么。拟议的工作描述了操纵投标的发生率和特点。 我们研究的合并和工厂关闭的投标提交的模式，以及提交的投标水平的影响。 所采用的实证方法与不同拍卖所使用的方法不同，因为操纵投标的做法取决于拍卖规则和所售货物的性质，而且可以获得关于合同和投标人的更详细的数据。 一般的研究问题是，是否可以从公开的数据中发现操纵投标的阴谋。 第三部分也是与肯亨德里克斯联合。 我们与由Raffi Amit领导的UBC研究团队一起，在加拿大统计局建立了一个纵向数据库，该数据库合并了1983年至1993年期间所有小企业初创企业的就业和税收记录。 该数据集使我们能够详细分析小企业进入，增长和退出的决定因素;这项研究补充并扩展了最近对美国数据集的分析。