Distortion of Information During Decisions

决策过程中信息失真

• 批准号: 9617873
• 负责人: J. Russo
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-03-01 至 1999-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9617873&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Distortion; Information; During; Decisions

Distortion of Information During Decisions Upon having made a choice between alternatives, individuals provided with additional information on the options are more likely to judge it as favoring (disfavoring) the option they selected more (less) than individuals who have not made a choice yet. This tendency to interpret information in a manner consistent with ones choices and decisions is often attributed to individuals' desire to minimize cognitive dissonance. In recent experiments conducted by the PI and co-authors, they find that this same type of distortion occurs even before an alternative has been selected. In essence, the fact that an alternative is judged preferable on the basis of an initial piece of information about the various alternatives (e.g., x is less expensive than y) biases the interpretation of additional information on the alternatives in favor of that option. To the extent that a choice has not been made yet or is not requested, this bias in the interpretation of information cannot be attributed to a desire to minimize cognitive dissonance. The PI outlines a series of experiments to further probe the nature of this bias in information evaluation, attempt to identify its underlying cause or causes, evaluate its prevalence in natural decision making environments and explore possible means of ameliorating the tendency. _???/?` ????%/¥??¢

决策过程中的信息失真在做出选择后，提供了关于选项的额外信息的个体比尚未做出选择的个体更有可能判断为更喜欢（不喜欢）他们选择的选项。 这种倾向解释信息的方式一致的选择和决定往往是由于个人的愿望，以尽量减少认知失调。 在PI和合著者最近进行的实验中，他们发现即使在选择替代方案之前，也会发生相同类型的失真。 本质上，基于关于各种备选方案的初始信息（例如，x比y更便宜）使对关于备选方案的附加信息的解释偏向于该选项。 在某种程度上，选择还没有做出或没有被要求，这种偏见在解释信息不能归因于一个愿望，以尽量减少认知失调。 PI概述了一系列实验，以进一步探索信息评估中这种偏见的性质，试图确定其根本原因，评估其在自然决策环境中的普遍性，并探索改善这种倾向的可能方法。 _？？？/？` ????%/¥？？¢