Local Population Dynamics of Temperate and Tropical Reef Fishes at Multiple Scales

多尺度温带和热带珊瑚礁鱼类的局部种群动态

• 批准号: 9618012
• 负责人: Mark Carr
• 金额: $ 4.97万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-05-15 至 1998-11-09
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9618012&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Local; Population; Dynamics; Temperate; Tropical

There is considerable debate regarding the major processes that determine population sizes of organisms inhabiting rocky and coral reefs. Most of these organisms have complex life cycles that include widely dispersive propagules and relatively sedentary juveniles and adults, such that the `birth rate` at a particular reef is equivalent to the rate of settlement of propagules. The controversy focuses on the extent to which supply of propagules vs. post-settlement processes determine local population size and dynamics. To resolve this issue we must know whether, and how, the demographic rates that determine population size at a particular site (settlement, immigration, mortality, and emigration) change with population density (i.e., are the changes in these rates density-dependent). Answering this question is of more than academic interest because, first, it provides the basis for understanding how local population size is regulated naturally, which is essential for effective management of fisheries and other natural populations, and second, it has seldom been answered adequately for any organism. This collaborative research is designed to answer the question of what drives local population dynamics in a comprehensive manner for four species of marine fish inhabiting two very different environments: temperate and tropical reefs. This multi-species, multi-system approach will provide some generality which can perhaps be applied to other marine systems, including demersal and bottom fisheries. Using well-proven methods, the combined experimental and observational design of this study will examine the roles of larval supply, settlement, recruitment, immigration, emigration, competition, and especially predation and its mechanisms, in driving local population dynamics. Results of the field work will be incorporated into mathematical models of population dynamics to provide conceptual generality applicable to other similarly organized systems.

关于决定栖息于岩石和珊瑚礁的生物体种群规模的主要过程存在相当多的争论。大多数这些生物体都具有复杂的生命周期，包括广泛分散的繁殖体和相对静止的幼体和成体，因此特定珊瑚礁的“出生率”相当于繁殖体的定居率。争论的焦点是繁殖体的供应与定居后的过程在多大程度上决定了当地的人口规模和动态。为了解决这个问题，我们必须知道决定特定地点人口规模（定居、移民、死亡率和迁出）的人口比率是否以及如何随着人口密度而变化（即这些比率的变化是否依赖于密度）。 回答这个问题不仅仅具有学术意义，因为首先，它为理解当地种群规模如何自然调节提供了基础，这对于渔业和其他自然种群的有效管理至关重要；其次，对于任何生物体来说，这个问题都很少得到充分的回答。 这项合作研究旨在回答以下问题：对于栖息在两种截然不同环境（温带和热带珊瑚礁）的四种海洋鱼类，以综合方式驱动当地种群动态的因素。这种多物种、多系统方法将提供一定的通用性，或许可以应用于其他海洋系统，包括底层和底层渔业。本研究采用经过充分验证的方法，结合实验和观察设计，将研究幼虫供应、定居、招募、迁入、迁出、竞争，特别是捕食及其机制在推动当地种群动态中的作用。实地工作的结果将被纳入人口动态的数学模型中，以提供适用于其他类似组织系统的概念通用性。