Integrative evaluation of larval dispersal and delivery in kelp rockfish using inter-generational genetic tagging, demography and oceanography

利用代际遗传标记、人口学和海洋学综合评估海带石斑鱼幼虫的扩散和交付

• 批准号: 1260693
• 负责人: Mark Carr
• 金额: $ 87.88万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1260693&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Integrative; evaluation; larval; dispersal; delivery

The spatial structure and dynamics of coastal marine fish populations are strongly influenced by the transport and recruitment of larvae. However, the scale and patterns of larval dispersal are among the most difficult demographic parameters to quantify in marine systems, due to the inability to tag and track the movement of larvae. In particular, the extent of local retention of larvae versus regional dispersal to other locations and populations is currently a hotly debated topic in the field of marine ecology and has profound implications for the design and effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The research will identify patterns of larval dispersal and use those patterns to test predictions of dispersal generated by state-of-the-art circulation models. The PI team brings together ecologists, geneticists, statisticians, and oceanographers with expertise in population demography and field sampling, mark/recapture data from genetic tags, and empirical and model-based evaluation of oceanographic processes to answer the following questions. 1. Do observed patterns of dispersal and connectivity of larval kelp rockfish correspond to patterns predicted by high spatial resolution regional ocean circulation models? Model predictions will be tested empirically using larval settlement samples. Parentage analysis will be used to verify the occurrence of larvae derived from genetically tagged source populations. 2. Is there evidence for local retention of larval kelp rockfish within the study area? To test the hypothesis that local retention of juvenile kelp rockfish from source populations is greater than expected by existing larval transport models, the PIs will compare the proportion of recruits that are genetically identified to have been produced from within three focal sites with the proportion of larval production that was tagged in those sites. 3. Is the relative recruitment of recently settled kelp rockfish to focal sites in the study region proportionate to the relative larval production of those focal sites? The PIs will compare the proportion of tagged recruits with the proportion of larval production generated from tagged adults at varying spatial scales. They will use goodness of fit models to compare expected and observed connectivity matrices under varying hypotheses of larval dispersal. Alternatively, if the relative contribution of focal sites to larval replenishment of themselves, one another, and more distant populations is disproportionate to their relative production, can this discrepancy be explained by oceanographic processes that could facilitate particular trajectories of larval dispersal? To determine if differences in self recruitment and connectivity can be attributed to local oceanographic features, the PIs will examine spatial and temporal correlations between these features and the spatial distribution and timing of recruitment. Broader Impacts: These include three elements: graduate and undergraduate interdisciplinary training, public outreach, and informing fisheries and conservation managers and policy makers. Graduate training in interdisciplinary science will be achieved through co-mentoring by PIs with expertise in population genetics, ecology and oceanography. Undergraduates will assist graduate students and faculty in all aspects of the study. Results will be disseminated to the general public through collaboration with the local University outreach center. Outreach to the fishing community will be through their involvement in the sampling program and through workshops facilitated by the Sea Grant advisor and the state collaborative fisheries program. Based on the PI's relationships with state and federal agencies, managers and policy makers will be directly informed of the results and their implications for management decisions.

沿海海洋鱼类种群的空间结构和动态受到幼体运输和补充的强烈影响。然而，由于无法标记和跟踪幼虫的移动，幼虫扩散的规模和模式是海洋系统中最难量化的人口参数之一。特别是，当地保留的幼虫与区域扩散到其他地点和人口的程度是目前在海洋生态学领域的一个激烈辩论的话题，并对海洋保护区（MPA）的设计和有效性产生深远的影响。这项研究将确定幼虫扩散的模式，并利用这些模式来测试最先进的环流模型所产生的扩散预测。PI团队汇集了生态学家，遗传学家，统计学家和海洋学家，他们在人口统计学和实地采样，从遗传标签中标记/重新捕获数据以及海洋过程的经验和基于模型的评估方面具有专业知识，以回答以下问题。 1.观察到的模式的扩散和连接的幼虫海带岩鱼对应的模式预测的高空间分辨率区域海洋环流模式？将使用幼虫沉降样本对模型预测进行经验检验。亲子关系分析将用于验证来自遗传标记源种群的幼虫的发生。2.是否有证据表明，当地保留的幼虫海带岩鱼在研究区域？为了检验这一假设，即本地保留的少年海带岩鱼从源人口大于预期现有的幼虫运输模型，PI将比较新兵的比例，遗传学确定已从三个焦点网站内生产的比例，被标记在这些网站的幼虫生产。3.最近定居的海带岩鱼的相对招聘焦点网站在研究区域成比例的相对幼虫生产这些焦点网站？PI将在不同的空间尺度上比较标记新兵的比例与标记成虫产生的幼虫产量的比例。他们将使用拟合优度模型，在不同的幼虫扩散假设下比较预期和观察到的连接矩阵。或者，如果焦点网站的幼虫补充自己的相对贡献，彼此之间，更遥远的人口是不成比例的相对生产，这种差异可以解释的海洋过程，可以促进特定的轨迹的幼虫扩散？为了确定自我招聘和连接的差异是否可以归因于当地的海洋学特征，PI将研究这些特征与招聘的空间分布和时间之间的空间和时间相关性。更广泛的影响：这包括三个要素：研究生和本科生跨学科培训、公共宣传以及向渔业和养护管理人员和决策者提供信息。跨学科科学的研究生培训将通过具有人口遗传学，生态学和海洋学专业知识的PI的共同指导来实现。本科生将协助研究生和教师在研究的各个方面。结果将通过与当地大学外联中心的合作传播给公众。对渔业社区的宣传将通过他们参与采样计划，并通过海洋赠款顾问和国家合作渔业计划促进讲习班。根据PI与州和联邦机构的关系，管理人员和决策者将直接了解结果及其对管理决策的影响。