Dissertation Research: Does Selection on Mating Characters Facilitate Adaptation in a Laboratory Population of Drosophila Melanogaster

论文研究：交配特征的选择是否促进果蝇实验室种群的适应

• 批准号: 9623479
• 负责人: William Rice
• 金额: $ 0.87万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-06-01 至 1999-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9623479&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Does; Selection; Mating

9623479 Rice The Dissertation Research funded by this award will test basic theory on adaptive evolution. Natural selection can be divided into two components - sexual selection (competition by males to fertilize eggs) and non-sexual selection (survival of both sexes and egg production by females). Theory predicts that these two forms of selection can be either reinforcing or antagonistic. If the latter case is common, sexual selection will slow a population's adaptation to a changing environment. Research funded by this award will establish how these two forms of natural selection interact in nature. To do this, a laboratory population of Drosophila melanogaster will be challenged with a new environmental factor, heat stress. The rate of adaptation by the population to the new environment will then be determined with and without sexual selection imposed, providing a direct measure of the regime under which adaptation accrues most rapidly. The relationship between sexual selection and non-sexual selection is of practical concern in all breeding enterprises involving animals or plants (e.g. agriculture, zoological parks, and conservation biology). This research will also shed light on how fast can populations adapt to thermally changing environments. Findings will provide practical information for predicting the ability of insect populations to respond to a protracted and substantial increase in temperature, as anticipated under global climate change.

小行星9623479 该奖项资助的论文研究将测试适应性进化的基本理论。 自然选择可以分为两个组成部分-性选择（雄性竞争受精卵）和非性选择（两性生存和雌性产卵）。 理论预测，这两种形式的选择既可以是强化的，也可以是对抗的。 如果后一种情况很常见，性选择将减缓种群对变化环境的适应。该奖项资助的研究将确定这两种形式的自然选择在自然界中如何相互作用。 为了做到这一点，果蝇的实验室人口将受到一个新的环境因素，热应激的挑战。 种群对新环境的适应率将在有或没有性别选择的情况下确定，这就提供了一个对适应最快的制度的直接测量。 性选择和非性选择之间的关系在所有涉及动物或植物的育种企业（例如农业，动物园和保护生物学）中都是实际关注的问题。 这项研究还将揭示种群适应热变化环境的速度有多快。 研究结果将为预测昆虫种群对全球气候变化下预期的长期和大幅升温的反应能力提供实用信息。