The Numerical Simulation of Weather Modification By Cloud Seeding

人工人工影响天气的数值模拟

• 批准号: 9630008
• 负责人: Harold Orville
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-11-15 至 2000-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9630008&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Numerical; Simulation; Weather; Modification; Cloud

9630008 Orville This research continues ongoing investigations into the numerical simulation of cloud seeding effects on the cloud scale and mesoscale. The work is broad based, treating stratiform orographic clouds and hailstorms over the northern High Plains. Models have been developed at the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (SDSM&T) that simulate the development of clouds, rain, snow, and hail. Methods have been developed that treat the numerical simulation of the seeding of convective and stratiform clouds. The simulation of the seeding agent involves the release of the agent, the spread of the seeding agent throughout the atmosphere, and the interaction of the seeding agent with the supercooled liquid water in the cloud. Only in the past few years have these methods been incorporated into fully three- dimensional, time-dependent models. This allows, for the first time, the many hypotheses of the cloud seeding community to be tested in the strongest scientific frameworks, although many useful insights and greater understanding have resulted from lesser dynamic frameworks. Studies of winter/spring situations will be carried out. In addition, the pattern of summer convection, as detected by radar pattern climatology leads to much different precipitation patterns than in the winter. The Principal Investigators also will simulate those patterns. These summertime cloud situations will allow testing of the effects of simulated seeding on the merging of cloud cells, an important effect detected in field experiments in previous research. The seeding of hailstorms has been simulated and is revealing intriguing results. Whether or not the storms have an active coalescence process and the lifetime of the cells determine the degree of response to the seeding. Also, the timing and the placement of the seeding material are important for the seeding to be effective. Further work is needed to strengthen the theoretical basis. The m odel being used for this work simulates the formation and development of the precipitating ice particle spectra. Such detail is necessary if conclusions are to be drawn concerning the effects of cloud seeding on hailstorms. The Principal Investigators also have developed models that simulate the processes of atmospheric electricity in clouds. The numerical simulations of seeding effects on the storm s microphysics will be applied to a vigorous thunderstorm and analyzed as to their effects on the storm electrification. Successful completion of this research should lead to increases in understanding of the microphysical processes involved in precipitation production and storm electrification.

[630008]奥维尔这项研究继续对云播效应在云尺度和中尺度上的数值模拟进行研究。这项工作的基础很广泛，研究了北部高平原上的层状地形云和冰雹。南达科他州矿业与技术学院（sdsm&t）开发了模拟云、雨、雪和冰雹发展的模型。已经发展了处理对流和层状云的播种数值模拟的方法。播种剂的模拟涉及到播种剂的释放、播种剂在整个大气中的扩散以及播种剂与云中过冷液态水的相互作用。直到最近几年，这些方法才被纳入完全三维的、时间相关的模型中。这首次允许在最强大的科学框架中测试播云社区的许多假设，尽管许多有用的见解和更大的理解是在较小的动态框架中产生的。将对冬季/春季的情况进行研究。此外，雷达模式气候学探测到的夏季对流模式导致的降水模式与冬季有很大不同。首席调查员也将模拟这些模式。这些夏季云层情况将允许测试模拟播种对云细胞合并的影响，这是以前研究中在现场实验中发现的重要影响。冰雹的播种已经被模拟，并揭示了有趣的结果。风暴是否有一个积极的合并过程和细胞的寿命决定了对播种的响应程度。此外，播种材料的时间和位置对播种效果也很重要。理论基础有待进一步加强。在这项工作中使用的m模型模拟了沉淀冰粒子谱的形成和发展。如果要得出关于云播对冰雹的影响的结论，这些细节是必要的。首席研究人员还开发了模拟云中大气电过程的模型。将种子效应对暴雨微物理的数值模拟应用于一次强雷暴，并分析其对暴雨电气化的影响。这项研究的成功完成将导致对降水产生和风暴电气化所涉及的微物理过程的理解的增加。