U.S. JGOFS Southern Ocean Process Study: Zooplankton Processes

美国 JGOFS 南大洋过程研究：浮游动物过程

• 批准号: 9634052
• 负责人: Mark Huntley
• 金额: $ 60万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-01 至 1999-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9634052&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: U.S.; JGOFS; Southern; Ocean; Process

9634052 Huntley This research project is part of the US Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Southern Ocean Program aimed at (1) a better understanding of the fluxes of carbon, both organic and inorganic, in the Southern Ocean, (2) identifying the physical, ecological and biogeochemical factors and processes which regulate the magnitude and variability of these fluxes, and (3) placing these fluxes into the context of the contemporary global carbon cycle. The work is one of forty-four projects that are collaborating in the Southern Ocean Experiment, a three-year effort south of the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone to track the flow of carbon through its organic and inorganic pathways from the air-ocean interface through the entire water column into the bottom sediment. The experiment will make use of the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer and the R/V Thompson. This specific project is a seasonal study of the mesoscale spatial distribution of the carbon utilization by zooplankton in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone and the Ross Sea. There is strong evidence to indicate that the egestion of pellets by zooplankton can contribute significantly to a highly variable and episodic biogenic carbon flux in the Southern Ocean. The research approach used will quantify the rate of total fecal production by the meso- and macrozooplankton community at scales that dominate the variability -- eddy-resolving spatial scales and seasonal time scales -- in both the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone and the Ross Sea study regions. The process of quantification will depend upon measurements of zooplankton abundance and distribution using a SeaSoar-mounted Optical Plankton Counter (OPC) in the Polar Frontal Zone, a net-mounted OPC in the Ross Sea study area, and underway acoustic current measurements in both regions. Experimental measurements of ingestion rate will be directed at developing empirical relationships to body weight, food availability, and diel periodicity for the p rincipal species of Antarctic zooplankton grazers. These relationships will then be combined with measurements of biomass and distribution to compute the rate of total fecal production. The approach addresses those factors that are most likely to give rise to the greatest variability in zooplankton-produced biogenic flux: (1) variability in zooplankton biomass, and the food available to that biomass, on scales of ten kilometers in the horizontal and ten meters in the vertical, (2) seasonal variability, and (3) variability that is attributable to the size-frequency distribution of the zooplankton themselves. The results will quantify the role of zooplankton in carbon flux processes of the Southern Ocean, leading to a better understanding of the Southern Ocean carbon cycle. ***

9634052亨特利 该研究项目是美国联合全球海洋通量研究（JGOFS）南大洋计划的一部分，旨在（1）更好地了解南大洋有机和无机碳通量，（2）确定调节这些通量的大小和变化的物理，生态和生物地球化学因素和过程，（3）将这些通量置于当代全球碳循环的背景下。 这项工作是南大洋实验中合作的44个项目之一，南大洋实验是一项为期三年的南极极地锋区南部的努力，旨在跟踪碳通过其有机和无机途径从空气-海洋界面通过整个水柱进入底部沉积物的流动。 实验将使用RVI B Nathaniel B。帕默和汤普森号 这一具体项目是对南极极地锋区和罗斯海浮游动物碳利用的中尺度空间分布进行季节性研究。 有强有力的证据表明，由浮游动物颗粒的排泄可以显着地有助于在南大洋的高度可变的和情节性的生物碳通量。 所采用的研究方法将量化南极极地锋区和罗斯海研究区域中的中型和大型浮游动物群落在主导变异性的尺度-漩涡分辨空间尺度和季节时间尺度-上的粪便总产量。 量化的过程将取决于浮游动物的丰度和分布的测量，在极地锋区使用SeaSoar安装光学浮游生物计数器（OPC），在罗斯海研究区的净安装OPC，并在这两个地区进行声流测量。 摄食率的实验测量将针对南极浮游动物食草动物物种的体重，食物供应和昼夜周期的经验关系。 然后将这些关系与生物量和分布的测量相结合，以计算总粪便产生率。 该方法解决了那些最有可能引起浮游动物产生的生物源通量最大变化的因素：（1）浮游动物生物量的变化，以及生物量的食物，在水平10公里和垂直10米的尺度上，（2）季节性变化，以及（3） 浮游动物本身的大小频率分布的变化。 研究结果将量化浮游动物在南大洋碳通量过程中的作用，从而更好地了解南大洋碳循环。 ***