Measuring the Effects of Thunderstorms on Upper Tropospheric Trace Gases

测量雷暴对对流层上层痕量气体的影响

• 批准号: 9634125
• 负责人: Michael Poellot
• 金额: $ 25.84万
• 依托单位: University of North Dakota Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-07-01 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9634125&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Measuring; Effects; Thunderstorms; Upper; Tropospheric

9634125 Stith A one month field experiment will be carried out to study the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by lightning and the transport of air and trace gases by thunderstorms, as a part of the Stratosphere Troposphere Experiments: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone (STERAO) experiment in June and July of 1996. The main facilities of STERAO are the NCAR WB57F high altitude aircraft, the NOAA WP3D aircraft with a tail Doppler radar, and the Colorado State University CHILL multiparameter Doppler radar. Both of these aircraft will collect aerosol, trace gas and kinematic data on thunderstorms. However, neither of the two aircraft are able to penetrate the upper portions of the anvil cloud from thunderstorms. This project will add the University of North Dakota Citation fanjet aircraft to STERAO, so that penetrations of anvil clouds can be made during the project. These are thought to be a critical part of the experiment, because previous measurements of NOx in thunderstorms found that a significant portion of the NOx produced by lightning was in the upper portion of the anvil cloud and not in the clear air around the cloud which will be the region sampled by the WB57F. If the same holds true for thunderstorms in STERAO, the lack of an anvil penetrating aircraft may render calculations of the NOx production by lightning difficult or impossible. The Citation will carry wind and turbulence instrumentation, trace gas instruments, and cloud microphysical probes. In particular, a fast-response chemiluminescence-based instrument for NOx measurements will be used. The experimental data along with storm kinematic data from the radars will be used to study the storm features that are responsible for the transport and redistribution of trace gases. These results will also be compared with proposed numerical cloud modeling studies of convective redistribution.

9634125 Stith作为1996年6月和7月“平流层对流层实验：辐射、气溶胶和臭氧”（STERAO）实验的一部分，将进行一个为期一个月的实地实验，研究闪电形成氮氧化物（NOx）和雷暴输送空气和微量气体。STERAO的主要设施是NCAR的WB57F高空飞机，NOAA的WP3D飞机与尾部多普勒雷达，以及科罗拉多州立大学的CHILL多参数多普勒雷达。这两架飞机都将收集气溶胶、微量气体和雷暴的运动学数据。然而，这两种飞机都不能穿透雷暴形成的铁砧云的上部。该项目将在STERAO中加入北达科他大学Citation fanjet飞机，以便在项目期间可以对砧云进行穿透。这些被认为是实验的关键部分，因为之前对雷暴中氮氧化物的测量发现，闪电产生的氮氧化物的很大一部分在铁砧云的上部，而不是在云周围的晴空中，这将是WB57F采样的区域。如果同样的情况也适用于STERAO中的雷暴，那么由于没有铁砧穿透飞机，闪电产生的氮氧化物的计算可能会变得困难或不可能。引文号将携带风和湍流仪器、微量气体仪器和云微物理探测器。特别是，将使用快速响应的化学发光仪器进行NOx测量。实验数据和来自雷达的风暴运动数据将用于研究导致微量气体输送和再分配的风暴特征。这些结果还将与提出的对流再分布的数值云模拟研究进行比较。