Measuring the Effects of Thunderstorms on Upper Tropospheric Trace Gases

9634125 斯蒂斯 作为1996年6月和7月进行的平流层对流层实验：辐射、气溶胶和臭氧实验的一部分，将进行一个月的实地实验，研究闪电形成氮氧化物和雷暴输送空气和微量气体的情况。STERAO的主要设施是NCAR WB57 F高空飞机、NOAA WP3D飞机和科罗拉多州立大学CHILL多参数多普勒雷达。这两架飞机将收集雷暴的气溶胶、痕量气体和运动学数据。然而，两架飞机都无法从雷暴中穿透砧云的上部。该项目将为STERAO增加北达科他州大学Citation风扇喷气式飞机，以便在项目期间穿透砧云。这些被认为是实验的关键部分，因为之前在雷暴中对氮氧化物的测量发现，闪电产生的氮氧化物的很大一部分是在砧云的上部，而不是在云周围的晴朗空气中，这将是WB57F采样的区域。如果同样适用于STERAO的雷暴，则缺乏铁砧穿透飞机可能会使闪电产生的NOx的计算变得困难或不可能。 引文将携带风和湍流仪器，痕量气体仪器和云微物理探测器。特别是，将使用一种快速响应的基于荧光的NOx测量仪器。实验数据沿着来自雷达的风暴运动学数据将用于研究负责痕量气体的输送和再分布的风暴特征。这些结果也将与建议的对流再分布的数值云模拟研究进行比较。

9634125 Stith A one month field experiment will be carried out to study the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by lightning and the transport of air and trace gases by thunderstorms, as a part of the Stratosphere Troposphere Experiments: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone (STERAO) experiment in June and July of 1996. The main facilities of STERAO are the NCAR WB57F high altitude aircraft, the NOAA WP3D aircraft with a tail Doppler radar, and the Colorado State University CHILL multiparameter Doppler radar. Both of these aircraft will collect aerosol, trace gas and kinematic data on thunderstorms. However, neither of the two aircraft are able to penetrate the upper portions of the anvil cloud from thunderstorms. This project will add the University of North Dakota Citation fanjet aircraft to STERAO, so that penetrations of anvil clouds can be made during the project. These are thought to be a critical part of the experiment, because previous measurements of NOx in thunderstorms found that a significant portion of the NOx produced by lightning was in the upper portion of the anvil cloud and not in the clear air around the cloud which will be the region sampled by the WB57F. If the same holds true for thunderstorms in STERAO, the lack of an anvil penetrating aircraft may render calculations of the NOx production by lightning difficult or impossible. The Citation will carry wind and turbulence instrumentation, trace gas instruments, and cloud microphysical probes. In particular, a fast-response chemiluminescence-based instrument for NOx measurements will be used. The experimental data along with storm kinematic data from the radars will be used to study the storm features that are responsible for the transport and redistribution of trace gases. These results will also be compared with proposed numerical cloud modeling studies of convective redistribution.