近年来，全球不断出现各类抗生素耐药菌及抗性基因，以此形成的抗性效应污染引起国际社会高度重视，成为迫切需要解决的科学问题。除抗生素外，重金属、纳米材料及消毒副产物等都具有类似于抗生素的效应（Like-Antibiotic Effects，L-AE），即可促进抗性效应污染的形成及扩散，引发严重安全风险。本课题针对这一重要科学发现，研究建立类抗生素效应作用模式（Mode of Action）评价方法，包括诱导抗性基因突变、促进抗性基因种内和跨种属转移评价方法；在此基础上，深入研究典型新兴污染物（重点研究纳米材料和消毒副产物等）类抗生素效应作用模式；针对具有显著类抗生素效应的新兴污染物，利用毒理基因组学和基因芯片等技术，阐明类抗生素效应的分子调控机制。本研究将丰富环境抗性污染理论体系，有助于完善环境化学污染物安全评价及风险管理，也将大为扩展环境新兴污染物和抗性基因安全研究领域。

The wide spread of antibiotic resistance contaminants, such as antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs), has triggered increasing concerns and research interests on it due to their potential adverse effects to various eco-systems. Aside from the abusive use of antibiotics, there are latest evidences that suggest many substances ubiquitously present in the environment, e.g., heavy metals, nano-materials, and disinfection by-products (DBPs), can also induce effects similar to antibiotics; that is, the presence of these contaminants can facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, an effect termed like-antibiotic effect (L-AE). However, much about such L-AE remains unknown. In consideration of the L-AE of environmental emerging contaminations (EECs), the objectives of the proposed research are: (1) to develop methods for evaluating the mode of action for L-AE, including methods for evaluating genetic mutations leading to antibiotic resistance, and within and across species horizontal gene transfer of ARGs; (2) to explore the L-AE mode of action of environmental emerging contaminations, mainly including nano-materials and emerging DBPs, in comparison to antibiotics; and (3) to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of L-AE of EECs by examining the global gene expression profiles and the regulations of key pathways and genes; these would be achieved by using state-of-the-art techniques such as gene expression microarrays and toxicogenomic analysis methods. The proposed research would enhance our understanding on ARGs contamination in the environments and extend research into new areas combining EECs and ARGs in environments, which would improve the safety assessment and risk management of EECs and ARGs in future.