Dissertation Research: Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel Antipredator Vigilance
论文研究:十三线地松鼠反捕食者警惕性
基本信息
- 批准号:9701137
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 0.17万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:1997
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1997-06-01 至 1999-05-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
9701137 Leger Studies of the decision-making capabilities of animals while they are under the risk of being eaten by predators can reveal the complex process by which animals evaluate optimal trade-offs. A simple example of an optimal trade-off is where an animal is faced with two conflicting choices, e.g., foraging versus scanning for predators (antipredator vigilance). Foraging reduces starvation risk while antipredator vigilance reduces predation risk. The animal is unable to maximize the benefit from one without incurring serious risk from the other. An optimal trade-off is where the animal's choice is the joint maximum of both feeding and antipredator vigilance. Decision-making is the framework within which this research is based. A very common observation is that a group size increases, prey animal vigilance decreases. This decrease in vigilance could result in the animal having more time to feed and could be a significant force in the evolution of sociality. Although visual obstruction is a common contextual variable in many prey animals' environment, this variable has not been given much empirical attention. Thirteen-lined ground squirrels are burrowing rodents that occur across the Great Plains. They are preyed upon by birds, terrestrial mammals, and reptiles such as snakes. It has been shown that thirteen-lined ground squirrels increase their antipredator vigilance only when their long-range (greater than 20m), lateral field of view is obstructed. Considering how many animals prey upon these ground squirrels, it is quite surprising that they do not react with increased vigilance when their 'overhead' view is obstructed. To test hypotheses about antipredator vigilance and visual obstruction, thirteen-lined ground squirrels are allowed to feed inside plexiglass boxes that differentially obstruct the squirrels' filled of view, and detect the approaching threat. This is an important test since ground squirrel antipredator vigilance behavior indicates that they do not co nsider certain positions of visual obstruction to be important. Therefore, even without increasing their vigilance, ground squirrels should be able to detect predator attacks with 'overhead' visual obstruction as when there is no visual obstruction.
9701137 Leger对动物在被捕食者吃掉的风险下的决策能力的研究可以揭示动物评估最佳权衡的复杂过程。最优权衡的一个简单例子是,动物面临两种相互冲突的选择,例如,觅食还是扫描捕食者(反捕食者警惕)。觅食减少了饥饿的风险,而反捕食者的警惕减少了被捕食的风险。动物无法在不招致另一种严重风险的情况下从其中一种中获得最大利益。最优的权衡是动物的选择是进食和反捕食者警惕的最大联合。决策是本研究的基础框架。一个非常普遍的观察是,一个群体的规模增加,猎物的警惕性降低。这种警惕性的降低可能会导致动物有更多的时间觅食,并可能成为社会进化的重要力量。虽然视觉障碍是许多猎物环境中常见的情境变量,但这一变量尚未得到太多的经验关注。十三棱地松鼠是遍布大平原的穴居啮齿动物。它们是鸟类、陆生哺乳动物和蛇等爬行动物的猎物。研究表明,只有当它们的远距离(大于20米)横向视野受到阻碍时,十三棱地松鼠才会提高它们的反捕食者警惕性。考虑到有多少动物捕食这些地松鼠,当它们的“头顶”视野受到阻碍时,它们并没有提高警惕,这是相当令人惊讶的。为了测试关于反捕食者警惕性和视觉障碍的假设,十三排地松鼠被允许在有机玻璃盒子里进食,这些盒子不同程度地阻挡了松鼠的视野,并探测到接近的威胁。这是一个重要的测试,因为地松鼠的反捕食者警戒行为表明,它们不认为某些视觉障碍的位置是重要的。因此,即使没有提高它们的警惕性,地松鼠也应该能够在没有视觉障碍的情况下,通过“头顶”视觉障碍探测到捕食者的攻击。
项目成果
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Daniel Leger其他文献
Natural history of abdominal pain in family practice
家庭实践中腹痛的自然史
- DOI:
10.46747/cfp.6905341 - 发表时间:
2023 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
T. Freeman;M. Stewart;Daniel Leger;J. Jordan;J. Copeland;Ian Hons;A. Thind;B. Ryan - 通讯作者:
B. Ryan
Daniel Leger的其他文献
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