Upper Ocean Effects on the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic

9701831 Morison Stanton 9701391 Martinson 9701383 McPhee 9701558 该研究项目是名为 SHEBA（北冰洋表面热量预算）的大型、协调、多研究者计划的关键组成部分。 SHEBA 计划将在一个年度周期内同时测量大气、冰层和上层海洋的各种通量和特性，这些通量和特性决定了北极海冰的总质量和能量预算。 其目标是更好地了解北冰洋冰层如何以及在多大程度上影响低纬度地区和全球气候模型（GCM）的气候变化。 为了实现这一目标，两个潜在重要的辐射/气候反馈过程被挑选出来进行研究：冰反照率反馈和云辐射反馈。 这里赞助的工作旨在通过冰块和热量预算了解上层海洋对总冰反照率反馈的影响。 该计划的海洋部分将提供（1）主要 SHEBA 站的上层海洋状态特性和湍流通量的连续时间序列，并辅以远程浮标测量； (2) 确定夏季太阳能供热配置的测量。 该研究计划将在一艘冻结在冰层中的船上进行为期 14 个月的研究。 海洋测量计划为 SHEBA 研究人员团队做出了重要贡献，他们将使用浮冰上的大量仪器和在浮冰上飞行的飞机来测量大气变量。 SHEBA 的综合测量数据将有助于完善北极地区的气候模型。 这些改进的模型将有助于更好地预测气候和北极冰盖在拟议的全球变暖情况下的持久性，如果大气中的二氧化碳水平增加到高于目前的水平，就可能发生全球变暖。

9701831 Morison Stanton 9701391 Martinson 9701383 McPhee 9701558 This research project is a key component of a large, coordinated, multi-investigator program called SHEBA (Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic) Ocean. The SHEBA program will simultaneously measure, over an annual cycle, the various fluxes and properties of the atmosphere, ice pack, and upper ocean that determine the aggregate mass and energy budgets of Arctic sea ice. Its goal is improved understanding of how and to what extent, the ice covered Arctic Ocean affects climate variability in lower latitudes and in global climate models (GCMs). Towards that goal, two potentially important radiation/climate feedback processes have been singled out for study: Ice-Albedo Feedback and Cloud-Radiation Feedback. Work sponsored here is directed toward understanding the impact of the upper ocean on aggregate ice-albedo feedback via the ice mass and heat budgets. The ocean component of the program will provide (1) continuous time series of upper ocean state properties and turbulent fluxes at the main SHEBA station, supplemented by remote buoy measurements; and (2) measurements for determining the disposition of solar heating in summer leads. The research program will be conducted for 14 months from a ship frozen into the ice pack. The ocean measurements program makes an essential contribution to the SHEBA team of researchers who will measure atmospheric variables with a large array of instruments on the ice floe and aircraft flying above. The combined set of measurements in SHEBA will allow refinement of climate models for the Arctic region. Those improved models will lead to better predictions of the climate and the permanence of the Arctic ice cap under a proposed global warming that could occur if atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are increased above present levels.