Upper Ocean Effects on the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic

9701831 Morison Stanton 9701391 Martinson 9701383 McPhee 9701558该研究项目是一个名为SHEBA(北冰洋地表热量平衡)的大型、协调、多研究者项目的关键组成部分。SHEBA计划将在一个年度周期内同时测量大气、冰盖和上层海洋的各种通量和特性，这些通量和特性决定了北极海冰的总质量和能量收支。其目标是更好地理解北冰洋冰盖如何以及在多大程度上影响低纬度和全球气候模型中的气候变异性。为了实现这一目标，已经挑选了两个可能很重要的辐射/气候反馈过程进行研究：冰-反照率反馈和云-辐射反馈。这里赞助的工作旨在通过冰质量和热量预算了解上层海洋对聚合冰-反照率反馈的影响。该计划的海洋部分将提供(1)舍巴主站上层海洋状态特性和湍流通量的连续时间序列，并辅之以远程浮标测量；(2)用于确定夏季铅太阳加热配置的测量。这项研究计划将在一艘冻结在冰层中的船只上进行14个月。海洋测量计划对Sheba研究团队做出了重要贡献，他们将利用浮冰上的大量仪器和飞行在上面的飞机来测量大气变量。在舍巴的一套综合测量将允许改进北极地区的气候模型。这些改进的模型将导致更好地预测气候和北极冰盖在拟议的全球变暖下的持久性。如果大气中的二氧化碳水平增加到目前的水平，就可能发生全球变暖。

9701831 Morison Stanton 9701391 Martinson 9701383 McPhee 9701558 This research project is a key component of a large, coordinated, multi-investigator program called SHEBA (Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic) Ocean. The SHEBA program will simultaneously measure, over an annual cycle, the various fluxes and properties of the atmosphere, ice pack, and upper ocean that determine the aggregate mass and energy budgets of Arctic sea ice. Its goal is improved understanding of how and to what extent, the ice covered Arctic Ocean affects climate variability in lower latitudes and in global climate models (GCMs). Towards that goal, two potentially important radiation/climate feedback processes have been singled out for study: Ice-Albedo Feedback and Cloud-Radiation Feedback. Work sponsored here is directed toward understanding the impact of the upper ocean on aggregate ice-albedo feedback via the ice mass and heat budgets. The ocean component of the program will provide (1) continuous time series of upper ocean state properties and turbulent fluxes at the main SHEBA station, supplemented by remote buoy measurements; and (2) measurements for determining the disposition of solar heating in summer leads. The research program will be conducted for 14 months from a ship frozen into the ice pack. The ocean measurements program makes an essential contribution to the SHEBA team of researchers who will measure atmospheric variables with a large array of instruments on the ice floe and aircraft flying above. The combined set of measurements in SHEBA will allow refinement of climate models for the Arctic region. Those improved models will lead to better predictions of the climate and the permanence of the Arctic ice cap under a proposed global warming that could occur if atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are increased above present levels.