IPY: Collaborative Research: Aerial Hydrographic Surveys for IPY and Beyond: Tracking Change and Understanding Seasonal Variability

IPY：协作研究：IPY 及其他航空水文测量：跟踪变化并了解季节变化

• 批准号: 0634097
• 负责人: Miles McPhee
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: McPhee Research Company
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-15 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0634097&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IPY; Collaborative; Research; Aerial; Hydrographic

Annual springtime, large-scale airborne surveys of the Arctic Ocean will be conducted in two regions: the central Arctic Ocean (annual surveys), and the southern Beaufort Sea (odd-year surveys). The surveys will sample the two main circulation features of the Arctic Ocean, the Transpolar Drift Stream and the Beaufort Gyre. The total number of stations will reach a maximum of about 25 at each location during IPY, decreasing to a lower level after IPY as part of a long-term Arctic Observing Network (AON). The proposed surveys have two main goals: (a) observe Arctic Ocean change by taking sea ice and ocean sections across frontal features, and (b) advance understanding of seasonal variability in the sea ice - upper ocean system to map the growth and melt of ice and to reduce seasonal bias in comparisons of past and future hydrographic records.Five meridional sections will be done during IPY from the North Pole south to 85N, with possible extensions. Pairs of sections will be done annually after IPY. In the Beaufort Sea, the work will include two meridional sections extending to 78N and two nearly zonal sections that will pre-sample summertime icebreaker cruise tracks. After IPY, subset of sections will be done in in odd-numbered years. To resolve seasonal change, station locations will be chosen to provide end-of-winter comparisons with end-of-summer measurements made by Ice Tethered Platforms (ITPs) and icebreakers. At each station a variety of physical and chemical ocean data, including temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen will be collected using proven methods. A new nitrate sensing system will expand the high-resolution chemical profiling. Bottle samples of tracers such as dissolved oxygen, barium, phosphate, silicate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium,alkalinity, and oxygen isotopes will be taken. In collaboration with US and European sea ice scientists, snow and sea ice thickness data will be acquired both along our flight tracks using remote sensing and in situ while on station. In collaboration with US, European, and Canadian scientists, we will extend our section data from the central Arctic toward the coastlines.Together with information from ITPs, this project will give the most comprehensive, synoptic view of springtime, Arctic Ocean sea ice - ocean conditions since the Soviet airborne survey programs in the 1970s. This proposed component of the AON will effectively track Arctic Ocean change, and, with corresponding summer measurements, will provide seasonal coverage with which to test system models and their ability to capture system variability. We will help to ensure continuity in the US capability to undertake and remain at the forefront of such science efforts by training two graduate students and so directly engage the next generation of polar scientists. The public will be engaged in polar discovery through a range of activities including, giving public lectures, communicating with the press, giving K-12 presentations, being on the Advisory Board for the Earth & Sky NPR radio program's proposed IPY Polar Heroes project, being a science advisor for the San Francisco Exploratorium proposed IPY project, being on theScience Advisory Team of MacGillivray Freeman Films' proposed IPY "Polar Quest" IMAX movie, and contributing to the annual Seattle Pacific Science Center-Polar Science Weekend.

每年春季，将在两个区域对北冰洋进行大规模航空调查：北冰洋中部(年度调查)和南部波弗特海(奇数年调查)。这些调查将对北冰洋的两个主要环流特征进行采样，即跨极漂流和波弗特环流。作为北极长期观测网络(AON)的一部分，在国际年期间，每个地点的站点总数将达到最多约25个，并在国际年之后减少到较低的水平。拟议的调查有两个主要目标：(A)通过获取海冰和横跨北冰洋锋面特征的海洋断面，观察北冰洋的变化；(B)增进对海冰-上层海洋系统季节性变化的了解，以绘制出冰的生长和融化情况，并减少在比较过去和未来水文记录时的季节性偏差。成对的部分将在每年的IPY之后完成。在波弗特海，这项工作将包括两个延伸到北纬78度的子午线部分和两个近乎地带性的部分，这两个部分将对夏季破冰船巡航航道进行预采样。在IPY之后，部分部分将在奇数年完成。为了解决季节性变化，将选择站点位置，以提供冬季末与冰系留平台和破冰船的夏季末测量结果的比较。在每个空间站，将使用经过验证的方法收集各种物理和化学海洋数据，包括温度、盐度和溶解氧。一种新的硝酸盐传感系统将扩大高分辨率化学剖面。将采集瓶装示踪剂样品，如溶解氧、钡、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、铵、碱度和氧同位素。在与美国和欧洲海冰科学家的合作下，将使用遥感和在空间站上的现场获取沿飞行轨迹的雪和海冰厚度数据。我们将与美国、欧洲和加拿大的科学家合作，将我们的剖面数据从北极中部延伸到海岸线。这个项目将结合来自ITPS的信息，提供自20世纪70年代苏联航空调查计划以来最全面、最全面的北冰洋春季海冰-海洋状况。全日空的这一拟议组成部分将有效地跟踪北冰洋的变化，并结合相应的夏季测量，将提供季节性覆盖，用于测试系统模型及其捕获系统变异性的能力。我们将通过培训两名研究生，从而直接接触下一代极地科学家，帮助确保美国承担并保持在此类科学努力的前沿的能力的连续性。公众将通过一系列活动参与极地探索，包括发表公开演讲，与媒体交流，做K-12演讲，担任NPR广播节目地球和天空极地英雄计划建议的IPY项目的顾问，担任旧金山探索馆建议的IPY项目的科学顾问，加入MacGillivray Freeman电影公司建议的IPY“极地探索”IMAX电影的科学顾问团队，以及为一年一度的西雅图太平洋科学中心-极地科学周末做出贡献。