Die interne Struktur von Personen-Portmanteaus

人称合成词的内部结构

• 批准号: 113298902
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Michael Cysouw
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungszentrum Deutscher Sprachatlas
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/113298902?language=en
• 关键词: Die; interne; Struktur; von; Personen

Person portmanteaus are markers which bundle the expression of person for subject arid object of a verbal predicate into a single morphological unit. Although person portmanteaus implement a radically simple altemative to more familiar sttategies of crossreferencing verbal arguments, they are cross-linguistically highly marked, and tend to be restricted to very specific combinations of subject and object. Person portmanteaus may therefore be regarded as a type of argument encoding sui generis as well as a litmus test for general properties of argument encoding in head-marking languages. An important though somewhat paradox property of person portmanteaus is that they are not necessarily unanalyzable. Many such markers can be understood synchronically and/or diachronically as non-portmanteaus, either because they are formed by concatenation from two different person formatives, or because they are identical in form to non-portmanteau person markers.Based on these observations, this project addresses the following closely related questions: 1) Are there systematic restrictions on the location of portmanteaus in paradigms? 2) To which extent are portmanteaus analyzable? 3) What is the formal representation of portmanteaus? 4) What is the extent and distribution of portmanteau microvariation within groups of closely related languages? 5) How do portmanteaus develop historically (and how do they disappear)? To answer these questions, we combine methods from typology, formal morphology, and historical reconstmction. Apart from constmcting a cross-linguistic typological database for person portmanteaus to extract general properties, we focus on the behavior of portmanteaus in three small-scale language families (Nilotic, Iroquoian, and Uralic). For these languages we will provide in-depth formal analyses of the relevant person portmanteaus, investigate the range of microvariation in the families, and attempt to reconstmct the diachronic development of person portmanteaus on the background of the overall pronominal cross-referencing systems (based on the available descriptive literature). From the innovative combination of different methodologies to microvariation data, we expect a better understanding of person portmanteaus, and more generally of syncretism in cross-referencing systems for verbal arguments.

人称组合标记是将动词谓语的主语和宾语的人称表达捆绑在一个形态单位中的标记。尽管人称代词组合使用了一种非常简单的替代方式，替代了人们更熟悉的交叉引用的口头论证，但它们在跨语言上是高度标记的，并且往往局限于主语和宾语的非常特定的组合。因此，人称组合可以被看作是一种特殊的参数编码类型，也是对中心语标记语言中参数编码一般属性的试金石。一个重要的，虽然有点矛盾的性质，人portmanteus是，他们不一定是不可分析的。许多这样的人称标记可以从共时或历时的角度被理解为非人称组合，因为它们是由两个不同的人称构成词连接而成，或者因为它们在形式上与非人称组合标记完全相同。基于这些观察，本项目解决了以下密切相关的问题：（1）在聚合中对人称组合的位置是否有系统的限制？2)在何种程度上是可分析的？3)Portmanteaus的正式表达是什么？4)在密切相关的语言群体中，组合微变异的程度和分布如何？5)Portmanteau是如何发展的（又是如何消失的）？为了回答这些问题，我们结合了类型学、形式形态学和历史重构的联合收割机方法。除了建立一个跨语言类型学的数据库，为人们portmanteus提取一般属性，我们专注于portmanteus在三个小规模的语言家庭（尼罗河，易洛魁，乌拉尔）的行为。对于这些语言，我们将提供深入的正式分析的相关的人portmanteaus，调查的范围内的家庭的微观变化，并试图reconstmct的历时发展的人portmanteaus的背景下，整体代名词交叉引用系统（基于现有的描述性文献）。从不同方法的创新组合到微变数据，我们期望更好地理解人称组合，以及更普遍地理解口头辩论交叉引用系统中的融合。