Dissertation Research: Precolumbian Maya Terracing in the Xunantunich Area, Belize, Central America

论文研究：中美洲伯利兹苏南图尼奇地区前哥伦布时期玛雅梯田

• 批准号: 9703989
• 负责人: Wendy Ashmore
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-03-01 至 1999-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9703989&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Precolumbian; Maya; Terracing

Under the direction of Dr. Wendy Ashmore, Mr. L. Theodore Neff will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will continue his examination of terraces associated with the Mayan site of Xunantunich which is located in lowland tropical west-central Belize. The site is large - it covers an area exceeding 10 km. in maximum diameter - and was occupied during the height of Classic Mayan development. Therefore it serves as an appropriate location to study how the Mayans integrated thousands of individuals into highly organized societies which sustained themselves in a relatively unproductive environments. In recent years archaeologists have come to recognize that Mayan peoples developed complex agricultural systems significantly different from the slash and burn technique which is applied in many lowland areas today. Researchers have focused particular attention on widespread series of raised fields which were formed by mounding earth in swampy waterlogged environments. Less attention has been paid to other approaches and Mr. Neff will examine a terracing system which was widely used at Xunantunich and is present at other Mayan sites as well. In particular he is interested in the articulation between agriculture and social organization and he has noted correlations between different arrangements of terraces and the number of associated house mounds. He believes that it is possible to reconstruct the social organization at the site and determine the extent to which variations in group organization affected specific agricultural practices. To accomplish this he needs first to understand more about the terraces themselves and this award will allow him to collect the necessary information. He will conduct test and then larger scale excavation in a carefully selected number of terraces. On this basis he hopes to determine when in the site's history they were built, how they were constructed and what crops were grown on them. This requires careful stratigraphic excavation and the analysis of soil, cultural and plant remains. Radiocarbon dates will also be obtained. The Mayan peoples developed a complex society using technologically simple means in environmental contexts which today can support only low population densities. Mr. Neff's research will provide additional insight into the adaptations which allowed this success. He will collect data of interest to many archaeologists and the project will assist in training a promising young scientist.

在温迪·阿什莫尔博士的指导下，L。西奥多内夫将为他的博士论文收集数据。他将继续研究与位于伯利兹中西部热带低地的Xunantunich玛雅遗址有关的阶地。该网站是大-它涵盖了超过10公里的面积。在最大的直径-并在古典玛雅发展的高度被占领。因此，它是研究玛雅人如何将成千上万的人融入高度组织化的社会的适当地点，这些社会在相对缺乏生产力的环境中维持自己。近年来，考古学家逐渐认识到，玛雅人发展了复杂的农业系统，与今天许多低地地区采用的刀耕火种技术截然不同。研究人员特别关注在沼泽涝渍环境中通过堆土形成的广泛的一系列隆起的田地。其他方法较少受到关注，Neff先生将研究在Xunantunich广泛使用的梯田系统，该系统也存在于其他玛雅遗址。他特别感兴趣的是农业和社会组织之间的衔接，他注意到梯田的不同安排和相关的房屋土丘数量之间的相关性。他认为，有可能重建该遗址的社会组织，并确定群体组织的变化在多大程度上影响了特定的农业实践。要做到这一点，他首先需要了解更多关于梯田本身，这个奖项将允许他收集必要的信息。他将进行测试，然后在精心挑选的一些梯田进行更大规模的挖掘。在此基础上，他希望确定这些遗址的历史是何时建造的，如何建造的，以及在上面种植了什么作物。这需要仔细的地层挖掘和土壤，文化和植物遗迹的分析。还将获得放射性碳年代。 玛雅人发展了一个复杂的社会，在今天只能支持低人口密度的环境中使用简单的技术手段。内夫先生的研究将为这种成功的适应性提供更多的见解。他将收集许多考古学家感兴趣的数据，该项目将有助于培养一名有前途的年轻科学家。