Doctoral Dissertation Research: Phonetics and Phonology of Ju/'hoan

.9705334科伊桑语因其庞大而独特的声音库而引起语音学家和音系学家的兴趣。该项目的目标是对纳米比亚科伊桑语 Ju/'hoasi 中发现的所有对比声音进行详细描述和分析，并对该语言进行理论分析，从而推进通用语言理论。科伊桑语独特的发音包括 47 个咔嗒声辅音以及许多不同类型的元音。元音的对比不仅在于它们在口腔中发出的位置，还在于所使用的声音的质量。该语言还使用四种不同的音高来传达含义对比，并使措辞更加清晰并保持口语的节奏。虽然世界上许多语言都以对比方式使用音高，但 Ju/'hoasi 语言和其他科伊桑语言的音高使用方式略有不同。此外，一些辅音对音高有抑制作用，从而导致言语中的身体扰动，这可能会被认知内化。我们将对这些进行研究，以确定这些影响中有多少是语音的或基于认知的，有多少是语音的，或纯粹是由于声音的物理质量造成的。要对 Ju/'hoasi 的声音模式进行全面调查，需要前往纳米比亚记录各个声音、单词、短语和句子，这些声音、单词、短语和句子的含义对比、措辞方式以及句子的重点部分。这些数据将在现场使用笔记本电脑进行处理，并在返回美国后使用俄亥俄州立大学语言学实验室的资源来研究所研究的声音、单词和短语的物理声学特性。理论分析将贯穿整个项目。这项工作的最终成果将是学生研究员 Amanda Miller-Ockhuizen 撰写的博士论文。

.9705334Khoisan languages are interesting to phoneticians and phonologists because of their large, unique sound inventories. The goal of this project is a detailed description and analysis of all of the contrastive sounds found in Ju/'hoasi , a Namibian Khoisan language, as well as a theoretical analysis of the language which will advance universal linguistic theories. Sounds unique to Khoisan languages are 47 click consonants, as well as many different types of vowels. Vowels contrast not only by where they are made in the oral cavity, but also by the quality of voice used. The language also uses four different pitch levels to convey meaning contrasts, and to make phrasing more perspicuous and maintain rhythm in spoken language. While many languages in the world use pitch contrastively, pitch is used somewhat differently in Ju/'hoasi and other Khoisan languages. In addition, some of the consonants have a depressing effect on pitch, and thus cause physical perturbations in the speech which may be cognitively internalized. These will be investigated to determine how much of these effects are phonological, or cognitively based, and how many are phonetic, or due purely to the physical quality of the sounds. Complete investigation of the sound patterns of Ju/'hoasi will require travel to Namibia to record individual sounds, words, phrases and sentences which contrast by meaning, how they are phrased, and which part of the sentence is being focused on. The data will be processed both in the field using a laptop computer, and upon return to the United States, where resources at the Ohio State University Linguistics Lab will be used to investigate the physical acoustic properties of the sounds, words and phrases studied. Theoretical analysis will be carried out throughout the project. The final outcome of this work will be a doctoral dissertation by the student investigator, Amanda Miller-Ockhuizen.