Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Taxonomic and Ecologic Diversity of Marine Triassic Bivalve Molluscs of Western North America

北美西部海洋三叠纪双壳类软体动物分类和生态多样性的时空格局

• 批准号: 9706040
• 负责人: Christopher McRoberts
• 金额: $ 6万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Binghamton
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-07-15 至 1997-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9706040&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Spatio; Temporal; Patterns; Taxonomic; Ecologic

9706040 McRoberts I propose a species-level analysis of Triassic bivalve mollusc faunas of western North America to document spatio-temporal changes in taxonomic and ecologic diversity and to test hypotheses regarding the structure and causal factors leading to the Early Mesozoic bivalve radiation. Specifically, I aim to assemble a multidimensional database of bivalve mollusc species based on literature, museum, and field collections. Each species occurrence will be assigned to various temporal, taphonomic, environmental, ecological, and geographical classes based on it's guild membership, facies occurrence, location, and age. Construction of a literature-based database is underway, yet needs strengthening by assessing species variability in large samples available in museum collections coupled with additional material associated with paleoenvironmental and taphonomic data which can best be collected in the field. I am proposing museum visits to important repositories of Triassic bivalve collections (US Geological Survey, Geological Survey of Canada, National Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History, and the University of Montana) and field investigations at several key sites in the western United States and Canada (Nevada, Idaho, and northeastern British Columbia) where bivalves occur abundantly in nearly continuous sequences. The proposed project will build upon a foundation of prior research on the Early Mesozoic bivalve expansion, and will specifically address the questions: (1) is there a latitudinal gradient in North American bivalve faunas through all or part of the interval, and if so, to what degree are originations, extinctions, and ecologic structure of the faunas controlled by latitude? (2) is there a onshore-offshore trend in extinctions and originations among all bivalve groups with different autecology or is the pattern restricted to just a few clades with similar living habits? And (3) to what degree has differing bivalve ecology played a role in origination and extinction metrics and is there evidence for selective speciation or selective survivorship? Resolving these issues bear significant implications not only for the early Mesozoic faunal expansion, but in determining the processes of diversification and extinction that can be applied to other time periods.

小行星9706040 我提出了一个物种水平的分析北美西部三叠纪双壳类软体动物区系的分类和生态多样性的时空变化的文件，并测试假设的结构和因果因素导致早中生代双壳类辐射。 具体来说，我的目标是组装一个多维数据库的双壳类软体动物物种的基础上，文献，博物馆和现场收藏。 每个物种的出现将被分配到不同的时间，埋藏，环境，生态和地理类的基础上，它的行会成员，相发生，位置和年龄。 一个以文献为基础的数据库的建设正在进行中，但需要通过评估博物馆收藏的大样本中的物种变异性以及与最好在实地收集的古环境和埋藏数据相关的其他材料来加强。 我建议参观三叠纪双壳类收藏的重要仓库（美国地质调查局、加拿大地质调查局、国家自然历史博物馆、美国自然历史博物馆和蒙大拿大学），并在美国西部和加拿大（内华达州、爱达荷州和不列颠哥伦比亚省东北部）的几个关键地点进行实地调查，在那里，双壳类几乎连续地大量出现。 该项目将建立在早期中生代双壳类扩张研究的基础上，并将具体解决以下问题：（1）北美双壳类动物群在整个或部分时间间隔内是否存在纬度梯度，如果是这样，动物群的起源、迁移和生态结构在多大程度上受纬度的控制？(2)在具有不同个体生态学的所有双壳类中，是否存在一种近岸-离岸的进化和起源趋势，或者这种模式仅限于具有相似生活习性的少数分支？ 以及（3）不同的双壳类生态在起源和灭绝指标中发挥了多大的作用，是否有选择性物种形成或选择性生存的证据？ 解决这些问题不仅对中生代早期动物群的扩张具有重要意义，而且对确定可应用于其他时期的多样化和灭绝过程具有重要意义。