Heterogeneous Reactions of Chloride Salts in the Atmosphere: A Surface Science Approach

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9707285 Hemminger This project will explore the fundamental kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of solid sodium chloride and hydrated salts, such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, with gases such as nitric acid, dinitrogen pentoxide, and chlorine nitrate, using surface science techniques including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Other surface spectroscopic techniques, such as high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and laser-induced desorption mass spectrometry, will also be used as warranted during the project. The reactions to be studied are believed to contribute to the formation of hydrochloric acid, nitryl chloride, and molecular chlorine, respectively. The latter two are of particular importance since their photolysis produces chlorine atoms which may compete with hydroxyl radicals in initiating the oxidation of organics in the troposphere. Particular emphasis will be placed on studies to elucidate the importance of water on the rates of these reactions and on morphological changes in the surface structure as the reactions occur.