Oil, Communities, and the Environment in the Shetland Islands and Alaska

这项关于社区参与环境管理对阿拉斯加瓦尔迪兹石油码头和设得兰群岛萨勒姆沃伊石油码头的影响的比较案例研究，将有助于环境政策文献中的几个不发达地区：对社区可以促进环境管理的机制、涉及国家和地方监管机构的决策的影响以及社区参与与组织警惕性萎缩的关系进行实证研究。它将提供两个详细的例子，说明国家和地方监管风格如何相互作用，形成一套具体的政策选择，并探讨各种团体在其历史上就两个码头的环境保障措施的建议进行辩论并影响其部署和维护的过程和制度安排。这项研究提出，负责预防污染的组织很容易失去警惕性，在这种情况下，为了节省费用，环境保障措施随着时间的推移而减少，但是将地方社区的关切纳入环境管理过程往往会抵消这种现象。对制度安排、公共政策辩论的实质和结果以及公司和公共记录的详细审查是必要的，以便衡量组织是否以及何时发生警惕性萎缩。研究结果将为上述环境政策文献的三个领域的理论发展和假设检验提供详细的实证基础。结果将在文章和报告中报告。

This comparative case study of the influence of community participation in environmental management, for the Valdez oil terminal in Alaska and the Sullom Voe oil terminal in the Shetland Islands, will contribute to several underdeveloped areas in the environmental policy literature: empirical studies of the mechanisms through which communities can contribute to environmental management, the effects of decisions involving national and sub-national regulatory bodies, and the relationship of community involvement to atrophy of vigilance in organizations. It will generate two detailed examples of how national and sub-national styles of regulation interact in shaping a specific set of policy choices and explore the processes and institutional arrangements through which various groups have debated proposals for and influenced deployment and maintenance of environmental safeguards at the two terminals throughout their histories. The study proposes that organizations responsible for pollution prevention are vulnerable to an atrophy of vigilance in which environmental safeguards are reduced over time to save costs, but that incorporation of the concerns of local communities into the environmental management process tends to counteract this phenomenon. Detailed examination of institutional arrangements, the substance and outcomes of public policy debates, and company and public records is necessary in order to measure whether or not and when organizational atrophy of vigilance occurs. Results from the research will provide a detailed empirical basis for theory development and hypothesis testing in the three areas of the environmental policy literature identified above. Results will be reported in articles and presentations.