Remote Sensing of the NE Pacific: Retrospective and Concurrent Time Series Analysis Using Multiple Sensors on Multiple Scales

项目摘要：大量的物理和生物变量在东北太平洋亚北极环流和亚热带环流的边界流内部和之间共变。这些（总结在美国GLOBEC报告17、11和7）包括运输强度、地表温度、浮游动物生物量和重要商业鱼类的捕鱼量。时间尺度从个别事件到年代际变化不等。这些物理和生物领域协同变化的机制尚不清楚，但假定年际变率所涉及的相同机制也影响长期气候变率。因此，澄清和量化控制年际变率的机制将有助于模拟这些重要的经济和生态系统对未来气候变化的生物和物理反应。处理这些时间和空间尺度上的变异性及其潜在联系的主要战略之一是有效利用历史和目前可用的多传感器卫星数据集。本提案的目标是处理、存档和分析来自若干卫星传感器和其他来源的环境数据，以便描述和量化东北太平洋表面运输、温度和色素浓度变化的主要模式。分析将涵盖多个时间/空间尺度，考虑盆地尺度的联系，边界流特定区域内的中尺度环流，以及其中两个区域的小尺度近岸环流。除了在本项目中进行的分析之外，这些数据将通过互联网和以光盘形式提供给其他调查人员。在盆地尺度上，该项目将量化西风流（WWD）、阿拉斯加海岸湾（CGOA）和加州洋流系统（CCS）之间的交换，测试经常使用的假设，即两个边界洋流的协变性是由于WOOD位置的变化。另一种大尺度假设是，这些边界流不是由大尺度风系统强迫的，这些大气系统在盆地之间是协变的。卫星高度计和散射计首次提供了检验这一假设的仪器。持续重新分析的大气模式风可以在比卫星数据更长的时间内测试风的协变性。将使用EOF分析和典型相关分析对大尺度输运变率模态进行量化。在中尺度上，在每个边界流内，AVHRR海温和/或卫星海洋颜色与高度计数据的组合可以解析50 - 100 km或更小尺度的中尺度环流特征。AVHRR和海洋颜色数据，分辨率为1公里，将在项目的三年（1998 - 2000）中持续收集和处理。CCS (25Ý 55ÝN) 1981年至1997年期间的历史1公里AVERR数据也将以同样的方式处理。这些数据将允许在美国GLOBEC/CoOP研究的第二阶段进行过程研究的建议地点周围检查中尺度环流（急流和漩涡的位置和季节性）。沿着不列颠哥伦比亚省和美国西北部边界的直接运输也将被检查，以提供有关环流之间大规模连接的更多细节。其他重点领域将是：哥伦比亚河羽流周围的地区，由于对迁徙的Coho鲑鱼的影响；威廉王子湾（Prince William Sound）以西的地区，幼鲑鱼在那里遇到阿拉斯加溪（alaska Stream）；以及从沿海海洋沿着俄勒冈中部和南部流入加利福尼亚北部和中部的加利福尼亚洋流核心的细节。该分析将检验一个假设，即加州中部的大部分年际变化都发生在CalCOl？我的数据集来自俄勒冈州外的上升流区，而不是来自WOOD。将利用卫星数据与监测研究期间（由GLOBEC或其他来源资助）收集的现场数据相结合，将卫星环流场转化为质量、热量和色素的地面输送。季节性转变的时间将是另一个重点，因为沿海海洋环境条件可能与鲑鱼洄游不匹配。

PROJECT SUMMARY: A significant number of physical and biological variables covary within and between the boundary currents of the subarctic and subtropical gyres in the NE Pacific Ocean. These (summarized in US GLOBEC Reports 17, 11 and 7) include the strength of the transports, surface temperatures, zooplankton biomass and the catch of commercially important fishes. Time scales range from individual events to interdecadal regime shifts. The mechanisms by which these physical and biological fields covary are unknown, but it is postulated that the same mechanisms involved in interannual variability also affect long term climatic variability. Clarification and quantification of the mechanisms governing interannual variability will therefore help to `model` the biological and physical responses of these economically and ecologically important systems to future climate change. One of the principal strategies for addressing variability across these time and space scales and their potential linkages is to make effective use of historical and presently available multi sensor satellite data sets. The goal of this proposal is to process, archive and analyze environmental data from a number of satellite sensors and other sources in order to characterize and quantify the dominant modes of variability in surface transports, temperature and pigment concentrations in the NE Pacific Ocean. The analyses will cover multiple time/space scales, considering basin scale connections, mesoscale circulation within specific regions of the boundary currents, and small scale, nearshore circulation in two of the regions. In addition to the analysis carried out in this project, these data will be made available over Internet and on CDROM to other investigators. On the basin scale, the project will quantify the exchange between the West Wind Drift (WWD), the Coastal Gulf of Alaska (CGOA) and the California Current System (CCS), testing the often used hypothesis that the covariability in the two boundary currents is due to changes in the location of the WOOD. The alternate large scale hypothesis is that this is not the case that these boundary currents are forced by the large scale wind systems and that these atmospheric systems covary between the basins. Satellite altimeters and scatterometers provide the instruments to test this hypothesis for the first time. Consistently reanalyzed atmospheric model winds allow a test of the wind covariability over a longer period than possible with the satellite data. The largescale modes of transport variability will be quantified using EOF analysis and Canonical Correlat on Analysis. On the mesoscale, within each boundary current, the combination of AVHRR SST and/or satellite ocean color with altimeter data can resolve mesoscale circulation features with scales of 50 100 km or less. AVHRR and ocean color data, with 1 km resolution, will be collected and processed in ongoing fashion for the three years of the project (1998 2000). Historical 1 km AVERR data over the CCS (25Ý 55ÝN) for the period 1981 1997 will also be processed in identical fashion. These data, will allow an examination of the mesoscale circulation (location and seasonality of jets and eddies) around the sites proposed for process studies in Phase II of the US GLOBEC/CoOP study. The direct transport along the boundaries of British Columbia and the Northwest US will also be examined, to provide greater details about the large scale connection between the gyres. Other areas of focus will be: the region around the Columbia River Plume, due to the impact on out migrating Coho salmon; the region west of Prince William Sound, where juvenile salmon encounter the Alaskan Stream; and details of the flow from the coastal ocean along central and southern Oregon into the core of the California Current oflf northern and central California. The analysis will test the hypothesis that much of the interannual variability seen off central California in the CalCOl?I data set comes from the upwelling region off Oregon, rather than from the WOOD. Combination of the satellite data with in situ data collected during monitoring studies (funded by GLOBEC or other sources) will be used to transform the satellite circulation fields into mass, heat and pigment surface transports. Timing of seasoual transitions will be another focus, due to possible mismatches of coastal ocean environmental couditions with salmon out migrations.