PEET: Monographic Studies in the Cladoniaceae (Lichen-Forming Ascomycetes)

PEET：石蕊科（地衣形成子囊菌）的专题研究

• 批准号: 9712484
• 负责人: Paula DePriest
• 金额: $ 74.5万
• 依托单位: Smithsonian Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-15 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9712484&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PEET; Monographic; Studies; Cladoniaceae; Lichen

9712484 DePriest Lichens, the fungi that form symbiotic associations with photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria, are geographically widespread in occurrence, ecologically important, but understudied taxonomically and phylogenetically despite their representing one-fifth or more of known fungal species diversity. This is true in microcosm for the species-rich and highly conspicuous lichens such as Cladina and Cladonia, which carpet wide expanses of northern forests and arctic tundra as well as isolated patches on exposed rocky coasts and tropical sand beaches. These lichens are critical components of their ecosystems, especially in northern latitudes where they provide food for reindeer and caribou. Various groups within the lichen family Cladoniaceae have been the subject of national or regional taxonomic treatments, but the family remains unsynthesized on a worldwide basis. The absence of a robust taxonomic framework limits the further use of Cladonia as a model system for the study of chemical evolution (in "lichen substances"), morphogenesis, and artificial lichenization. These taxonomic and phylogenetic matters are being addressed by a team of lichenologists headed by Dr. Paula DePriest at the Smithsonian Institution, site of one of the world's major collections of lichens, with her colleague Prof. Samuel Hammer of Boston University, along with colleagues at Duke University and elsewhere in the U.S. and in Finland, home to a strong tradition of lichen research. The team will focus on the c. 11 genera and estimated 500 species in the family Cladoniaceae, using existing collections in natural history museums and augmenting these with new field collections. A major emphasis in the research is the acquisition of new sets of characters for taxonomic discrimination and phylogenetic comparison, including molecular DNA sequence data and morphological features of hyphal growth of the fungus, the so-called podetia. The integration of these various kinds of evidence to improve classification and phylogenetic inference constitutes a pioneering model for the modernization of lichen systematics. Products of the team's activities will include traditional publications as well as Web-based outputs.

小行星9712484 地衣是与光合藻类或蓝细菌形成共生关系的真菌，在地理上广泛存在，在生态学上具有重要意义，但在分类学和遗传学上研究不足，尽管它们代表了已知真菌物种多样性的五分之一或更多。在微观世界中，这是真实的，因为物种丰富且非常显眼的地衣，如Cladina和Cladonia，它们覆盖了北方森林和北极苔原的广阔区域，以及暴露的岩石海岸和热带沙滩上的孤立斑块。这些地衣是其生态系统的重要组成部分，特别是在北方纬度地区，它们为驯鹿和驯鹿提供食物。石蕊科地衣家族中的各个类群已成为国家或区域分类处理的对象，但该家族在世界范围内仍未合成。缺乏一个强大的分类学框架限制了Cladonia作为化学进化（在“地衣物质”），形态发生和人工地衣化研究的模型系统的进一步使用。这些分类学和系统发育学问题正在由史密森学会的保拉·德普里斯特博士领导的一个地衣学家小组解决，史密森学会是世界上主要的地衣收藏地之一，她的同事波士顿大学的塞缪尔·哈默教授，沿着杜克大学和美国其他地方以及芬兰的同事，地衣研究的传统很强。 团队将专注于C。石蕊科11属，估计500种，利用自然历史博物馆现有的收藏品，并增加新的野外收藏品。研究的一个主要重点是获得新的特征集，用于分类鉴别和系统发育比较，包括分子DNA序列数据和真菌菌丝生长的形态特征，即所谓的podetia。整合这些不同种类的证据，以改善分类和系统发育推断构成了地衣系统学现代化的先驱模式。该小组活动的产品将包括传统出版物以及基于网络的产出。