Community Development and Structure at Hydrothermal Vents: Life After Recruitment

热液喷口的社区发展和结构：招募后的生活

• 批准号: 9712808
• 负责人: Charles Fisher
• 金额: $ 15.36万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-12-15 至 2000-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9712808&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Community; Development; Structure; Hydrothermal; Vents

The community ecology of hydrothermal vents has only begun to be investigated by examinations of the physiological ecology of adaptations in component vent biota and descriptive analyses of species occupation patterns. In Dec 1994, these scientists initiated a project at 9Ý50' N on the East Pacific Rise to take true advantage of the power of the deep submersible ALVIN to conduct experimental interventions in this deep sea environment, testing hypotheses to explain observed patterns of community development in space (zonation) and time (succession). During 3 cruises over 13 mo, 352 basalt settlement blocks were deployed in each of 4 zones (Tubeworm, Bivalve, Suspension feeder, and Periphery) at 3 vents to test experimentally how recruitment patterns are influenced by larval supply, physiological adaptations, and species interactions. This renewal award involves transplantation and recovery of the 123 blocks still remaining on the seafloor, on which sufficient colonization and growth will have occurred to enable the test of how biological interactions modify development of zonation and succession patterns after the early colonization phase. The focus will be specifically on the role of ( I ) competition for space among tubeworms (Riftia vs. Tevnia and Oasisia; and mussels vs. Riftia), (2) suppression of larval colonization by adult mussels, (3) predation by crabs and fishes in mediating interactions between competing guilds (grazing gastropods vs. sessile space occupiers), and (4) historical faunal occupation in repressing community change as venting fluxes wax or wane. Analysis of how different biological interactions influence community development along the environmental stress gradient with distance from venting source has fundamental ecological significance because the spatial gradients in physiological stress and environmental productivity in vents are confounded in the opposite way from the rocky intertidal and virtually all other communities from which comes our present understanding of how biological interactions vary along environmental stress gradients. The project will also address whether larval settlement is altered by the species composition and cover of pre existing biota, a theme specific to objectives of the RIDGE LARVE (Larvae At Ridge VEnts) Project and fundamental to the Temporal Variability component of RIDGE.

水热通风孔的社区生态才开始通过检查组件膨胀生物群体适应的物理生态和物种占用模式的描述性分析来研究。 1994年12月，这些科学家在东太平洋崛起上发起了一个在9ý50'N上的项目，以真正优势，可真正优势，可在深海环境中进行实验干预，以测试假设，以解释在太空中观察到的社区发展模式（Zonation）和时间（延长）。在3个月的3次巡航中，在3个通风口的4个区域（tubeworom，双壁，悬架费和周围）中的每个区域中的每个区域中都部署了352个玄武岩设置块，以实验测试招聘模式如何受幼体供应，物理适应和物种相互作用的影响。这项更新奖励涉及仍保留在海底上的123个块的移植和恢复，在该区域上将发生足够的定殖和生长，以实现生物相互作用如何修改早期定植阶段后区域和成功模式的发展。 The focus will be specifically on the role of ( I ) competition for space among tubeworms (Riftia vs. Tevnia and Oasisia; and Mussels vs. Riftia), (2) suppression of larval colonization by adult Mussels, (3) predation by crabs and fishes in mediating interactions between Competing Guilds (grazing gastropods vs. sessile space occupiers), and (4) historical在表达社区变化的动物吞咽状态，以蜡或逐渐变化为排气。分析不同的生物学相互作用如何影响沿环境压力梯度与排气源的距离具有基本生态意义，因为物理压力和通风孔中环境生产力的空间梯度以与落基的灌木丛和几乎所有其他社区相反的方式混淆，而我们目前对生物相互作用的理解是在环境压力层面上如何变化的。该项目还将解决幼虫的设置是否通过物种组成和PRE现有Biota的覆盖而改变，这是针对山脊幼虫（Ridge Vents art ridge vents）项目的特定主题，并且是山脊的时间变异性部分的基础。