Dissertation Research: Social Organization and Changing Labor Patterns in Anasazi Prehistory

论文研究：阿纳萨齐史前时期的社会组织和不断变化的劳动模式

• 批准号: 9713107
• 负责人: Stephen Plog
• 金额: $ 1万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-15 至 1999-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9713107&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Social; Organization; Changing

Under the direction of Dr. Stephen Plog, MS Tracy Perkins will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will analyze changes in food preparation techniques among Anasazi peoples in the US Southwest during the period between ca. 800-1000 AD. While the use of domestic crops such a maize significantly preceeds 800 AD in this region, it was with the emergence of the Anasazi peoples that the foodstuff became the central dietary staple. A number of important social changes appear to be concomitant and villages changed from agglomerations of individual below ground pit structures to larger mulit-room above ground pueblos, examples of which can be found in the region today. Population size also increased and groups adopted a more settled way of life. Men's religious societies characterized by kivas also appear at this time. MS Perkins wishes to understand how the organization of labor and thus basic social organization was altered as part of this overall process and she will focus on one specific activity - maize grinding. This was a crucial subsistence activity since grinding maize before cooking significantly enhances its nutritional properties and abundant grinding implements attest to the importance of this task. Archaeological data indicates that at many Anasazi sites special grinding rooms were present and are marked not only by a concentration of grindstone but specialized bins built into walls and floors. MS Perkins will visit research centers in the Southwest and record and synthesize information collected in the course of past archaeological excavations. She will include this in a single consistent data base and with this information determine how production changed over time and how it varied by environmental and geographic region. Preliminary analysis indicates that the pattern is not straightforward. The results will be integrated with other classes of data to provide insight into the broader process of social change. This research is important for several reasons. It will synthesize a widely recorded but little analyzed class of data and the results are likely to be used by many archaeologists. The work will shed new light on how complex societies arise and contribute to training a promising young archaeologist.

在Stephen Plog博士的指导下，Tracy Perkins女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将分析在美国西南部阿纳萨齐人之间的时期，在食品准备技术的变化。公元800-1000年。虽然在该地区使用玉米等国内作物的时间远远早于公元800年，但随着阿纳萨齐人的出现，这种食品成为主要的饮食主食。一些重要的社会变化似乎是伴随而来的，村庄从地下的个人坑结构聚集到更大的多房间地上的普韦布洛，今天可以在该地区找到这样的例子。人口规模也增加了，群体采用了更定居的生活方式。以基瓦斯为特征的男性宗教社团也在这个时候出现。帕金斯女士希望了解劳动力的组织以及基本的社会组织是如何作为整个过程的一部分而改变的，她将专注于一个特定的活动-玉米研磨。这是一项至关重要的生计活动，因为在烹饪前研磨玉米可大大提高其营养特性，大量的研磨工具证明了这项任务的重要性。考古数据表明，在许多阿纳萨齐遗址，都有专门的研磨室，不仅有集中的磨石，而且有专门的垃圾箱，建在墙壁和地板上。帕金斯女士将访问西南部的研究中心，记录和综合过去考古发掘过程中收集的信息。她将把这些信息纳入一个统一的数据库，并利用这些信息确定产量如何随时间变化，以及如何因环境和地理区域而变化。初步分析表明，这种模式并不简单。结果将与其他类别的数据相结合，以深入了解更广泛的社会变革进程。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将综合广泛记录但很少分析的一类数据，其结果可能会被许多考古学家使用。这项工作将揭示复杂社会是如何产生的，并有助于培养一个有前途的年轻考古学家。