Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Semantics, Pragmatics, and Social Meaning of Additive Expressions
博士论文研究:附加表达的语义、语用和社会意义
基本信息
- 批准号:2235062
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 1.69万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2023
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2023-06-01 至 2024-11-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Discourse particles are words that facilitate the smooth flow of information in conversation by clarifying how pieces of information relate to each other and to shared discourse goals. This doctoral dissertation project investigates the meaning of a particular class of discourse particles known as additives, which include English 'too', 'either', 'also', and 'as well'. An additive signals that the sentence it occurs in augments another piece of information. For example, a speaker who utters, 'I like pizza. I like spaghetti too,' conveys that the sentences 'I like pizza' and 'I like spaghetti' both contribute to the discourse goal of determining what foods the speaker likes. This project uses data from corpora of naturally-occurring English texts and large-scale web-based experiments to understand how English additives link pieces of information in discourse. By consulting with native speakers of four additional languages, the project also aims to identify ways in which additives perform similar functions across languages as well as ways in which they vary across languages. In addition to facilitating the exchange of information to achieve shared discourse goals, additives also convey social meaning — that is, information about a speaker’s social identity. A particularly salient social effect arises when the additive particle 'too' is used to express disagreement. For example, if a parent says, 'You didn’t do your homework' to a child, the child might respond, 'I did too!' This use of 'too', which has been called the 'refutational use', is only appropriate in informal contexts and tends to make the speaker sound childish. This project seeks to characterize the social meanings that various additives convey and understand how their social meanings might be related to their semantics. Results of this project are shared with the public through an outreach activity at the Center of Science and Industry (COSI), a local science museum in Columbus, Ohio. This outreach introduces members of the public of all ages to key concepts in semantics and sociolinguistics, contributing to science education and raising the visibility of linguistics as a field.Using the tools of formal semantics and pragmatics, this doctoral dissertation project analyzes the meaning of additive expressions in terms of how they shape the structure of discourse. This involves precisely specifying what relationship must hold between an additive’s host sentence and the previously salient piece of information that it augments (called its 'antecedent'). In other words, in what way must two pieces of information be related in order for a speaker to signal that one is offered 'in addition to' the other? The analysis also explains how the meaning of some additive particles could have been extended over time to give rise to the refutational use, whose meaning has not been rigorously studied in previous research. To better understand their meaning, a large-scale web-based experiment is conducted to investigate the precise range of contexts for the refutational uses. To determine the extent to which the analysis of English additives can be extended to other languages and to identify dimensions along which additives vary between languages, native speakers of four additional languages are consulted. One product of this cross-linguistic investigation is a questionnaire that other researchers can use with consultants in the field to study the additive inventories of other languages beyond those studied in this project. To study the social meaning of both the refutational and the additive uses of additive expressions, two large-scale experiments are also conducted measuring the social inferences that listeners draw from the use of such expressions in various contexts. Using those data, the project investigates how differences between the social meanings of the additive and refutational uses might be rooted in semantic differences. This advances interdisciplinarity by bringing the formal rigor of semantics together with insights from anthropology and sociology that are foundational to sociolinguistics. In sum, this dissertation undertakes a holistic investigation of the meaning of additive particles, encompassing semantic, pragmatic, and social dimensions of meaning and employing both formal and experimental methods. The results of this investigation sheds light on how speakers regulate the flow of information in discourse and on the interplay between semantics and social meaning.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
语篇助词是通过澄清信息片段之间的关系以及与共同语篇目标之间的关系来促进对话中信息顺畅流动的词。这个博士论文项目研究了一类特殊的话语粒子的意义,称为添加剂,其中包括英语'too','either','also'和'as well'。一个附加词表示它所出现的句子增加了另一条信息。例如,一个说话者说:“我喜欢比萨饼。I like spaghetti too,“传达了”I like pizza“和”I like spaghetti“这两个句子都有助于确定说话者喜欢什么食物的话语目标。本研究利用自然英语语料库和大规模网络实验的数据,研究英语附加语如何在语篇中连接信息。通过咨询另外四种语言的母语者,该项目还旨在确定添加剂在不同语言中执行类似功能的方式,以及它们在不同语言中的不同方式。除了促进信息交流以实现共同的话语目标外,附加语还传达社会意义-即有关说话人社会身份的信息。当附加助词“too”被用来表示不同意时,会产生一个特别突出的社会效果。例如,如果父母对孩子说,“你没有做家庭作业”,孩子可能会回答,“我也做了!”“too”的这种用法被称为“反驳用法”,只适用于非正式场合,而且往往使说话者听起来很幼稚。这个项目旨在描述各种添加剂所传达的社会意义,并了解它们的社会意义如何与它们的语义学相关。该项目的成果通过在俄亥俄州哥伦布的当地科学博物馆科学与工业中心(COSI)的外展活动与公众分享。该项目旨在向所有年龄段的公众介绍语义学和社会语言学的关键概念,为科学教育做出贡献,并提高语言学作为一个领域的知名度。本博士论文项目使用形式语义学和语用学的工具,分析加法表达式的意义,以及它们如何塑造话语结构。这涉及到精确地指定添加剂的宿主句子和它所增强的先前突出的信息片段(称为“先行词”)之间必须保持什么关系。换句话说,两条信息必须以什么方式联系起来,才能让说话者发出一条信息是“除了”另一条信息之外提供的信号?该分析还解释了一些附加粒子的含义如何随着时间的推移而扩展,从而产生反驳用途,其含义在以前的研究中没有得到严格的研究。为了更好地理解它们的含义,我们进行了一个大规模的基于网络的实验,以调查反驳使用的确切上下文范围。为了确定在何种程度上可以扩展到其他语言的英语添加剂的分析,并确定尺寸沿着添加剂不同的语言,母语的四个额外的语言进行咨询。这种跨语言调查的一个产品是一份问卷,其他研究人员可以与该领域的顾问一起使用,以研究本项目研究之外的其他语言的附加清单。为了研究添加剂表达的反驳和添加剂使用的社会意义,两个大规模的实验也进行了测量的社会推理,听众从使用这些表达在不同的情况下得出。利用这些数据,该项目研究了添加剂和反驳使用的社会意义之间的差异如何植根于语义差异。这通过将语义学的形式严谨性与作为社会语言学基础的人类学和社会学的见解结合在一起来推进跨学科性。总之,本文从语义、语用和社会三个方面,采用形式和实验相结合的方法,对加性助词的意义进行了全面的研究。这项调查的结果揭示了说话者如何调节话语中的信息流以及语义和社会意义之间的相互作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Kathryn Campbell-Kibler其他文献
Kathryn Campbell-Kibler的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Kathryn Campbell-Kibler', 18)}}的其他基金
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Determinants of social meaning
博士论文研究:社会意义的决定因素
- 批准号:
2336572 - 财政年份:2024
- 资助金额:
$ 1.69万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Language, race, and Identity among ethnically diverse youths in Miami
博士论文研究:迈阿密多民族青年的语言、种族和身份
- 批准号:
1918177 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 1.69万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: The role of listener experience in perception of conditioned dialect variation
博士论文研究:听者体验在条件性方言变异感知中的作用
- 批准号:
1823972 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 1.69万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
REU Site: The science of language and the language of science
REU 网站:语言科学和科学语言
- 批准号:
1757020 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 1.69万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Sociolinguistic Perception in Real Time
实时社会语言感知
- 批准号:
1655014 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 1.69万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral dissertation research: Exploring individual differences in prime-based intraspeaker variation and perceptual adaptation
博士论文研究:探索基于素数的说话者内变异和知觉适应的个体差异
- 批准号:
1323897 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 1.69万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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